{ "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 0, "metadata": { "colab": { "name": "Lab3_Exercises", "provenance": [] }, "kernelspec": { "name": "python3", "display_name": "Python 3" }, "language_info": { "name": "python" } }, "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "**Import necessary libraries**" ], "metadata": { "id": "jBfdU_joaqrm", "pycharm": { "name": "#%% md\n" } } }, { "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "import numpy as np\n", "import pandas as pd\n", "import os\n", "from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression\n", "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n", "from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier\n", "from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error, precision_score, recall_score, accuracy_score, confusion_matrix, \\\n", " roc_auc_score, roc_curve, f1_score\n", "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", "from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D\n", "from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d\n", "%matplotlib notebook" ], "metadata": { "id": "y90MCHqMa1j5", "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } }, "execution_count": 1, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "**Load the 'Pokemon.csv' dataset as a pandas dataframe, change the Type 1 and Type 2 variables to categorical and replace 'Type 2' missing values (replace by the value of 'Type 1').**" ], "metadata": { "id": "zx1zL4ura5ze", "pycharm": { "name": "#%% md\n" } } }, { "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "file = '../data/Pokemon.csv'\n", "\n", "##Read dataframe##\n", "\n", "df = pd.read_csv(file)\n", "print(df.head())" ], "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "LuZ28dR_bsXi", "outputId": "4ccaf80f-2e27-45d0-dcce-c4c9f5910324", "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } }, "execution_count": 2, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ " # Name Type 1 Type 2 Total HP Attack Defense \\\n", "0 1 Bulbasaur Grass Poison 318 45 49 49 \n", "1 2 Ivysaur Grass Poison 405 60 62 63 \n", "2 3 Venusaur Grass Poison 525 80 82 83 \n", "3 3 VenusaurMega Venusaur Grass Poison 625 80 100 123 \n", "4 4 Charmander Fire NaN 309 39 52 43 \n", "\n", " Sp. Atk Sp. Def Speed Generation Legendary \n", "0 65 65 45 1 False \n", "1 80 80 60 1 False \n", "2 100 100 80 1 False \n", "3 122 120 80 1 False \n", "4 60 50 65 1 False \n" ] } ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "##Change variables types##\n", "\n", "print(df.dtypes)\n", "df.astype({'Type 1': 'category', 'Type 2': 'category'})" ], "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 667 }, "id": "BRPoZ4YhbuLr", "outputId": "4c6635e7-9c5d-4d1c-f81e-035d63c4e086", "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } }, "execution_count": 3, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "# int64\n", "Name object\n", "Type 1 object\n", "Type 2 object\n", "Total int64\n", "HP int64\n", "Attack int64\n", "Defense int64\n", "Sp. Atk int64\n", "Sp. Def int64\n", "Speed int64\n", "Generation int64\n", "Legendary bool\n", "dtype: object\n" ] }, { "data": { "text/plain": " # Name Type 1 Type 2 Total HP Attack Defense \\\n0 1 Bulbasaur Grass Poison 318 45 49 49 \n1 2 Ivysaur Grass Poison 405 60 62 63 \n2 3 Venusaur Grass Poison 525 80 82 83 \n3 3 VenusaurMega Venusaur Grass Poison 625 80 100 123 \n4 4 Charmander Fire NaN 309 39 52 43 \n.. ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... \n795 719 Diancie Rock Fairy 600 50 100 150 \n796 719 DiancieMega Diancie Rock Fairy 700 50 160 110 \n797 720 HoopaHoopa Confined Psychic Ghost 600 80 110 60 \n798 720 HoopaHoopa Unbound Psychic Dark 680 80 160 60 \n799 721 Volcanion Fire Water 600 80 110 120 \n\n Sp. Atk Sp. Def Speed Generation Legendary \n0 65 65 45 1 False \n1 80 80 60 1 False \n2 100 100 80 1 False \n3 122 120 80 1 False \n4 60 50 65 1 False \n.. ... ... ... ... ... \n795 100 150 50 6 True \n796 160 110 110 6 True \n797 150 130 70 6 True \n798 170 130 80 6 True \n799 130 90 70 6 True \n\n[800 rows x 13 columns]", "text/html": "
\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
#NameType 1Type 2TotalHPAttackDefenseSp. AtkSp. DefSpeedGenerationLegendary
01BulbasaurGrassPoison3184549496565451False
12IvysaurGrassPoison4056062638080601False
23VenusaurGrassPoison525808283100100801False
33VenusaurMega VenusaurGrassPoison62580100123122120801False
44CharmanderFireNaN3093952436050651False
..........................................
795719DiancieRockFairy60050100150100150506True
796719DiancieMega DiancieRockFairy700501601101601101106True
797720HoopaHoopa ConfinedPsychicGhost6008011060150130706True
798720HoopaHoopa UnboundPsychicDark6808016060170130806True
799721VolcanionFireWater6008011012013090706True
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800 rows × 13 columns

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" }, "execution_count": 3, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "##Check for any missing values, replace them accordingly or remove the associated rows###\n", "\n", "print(df.isna().sum())\n", "df['Type 2'].fillna(df['Type 1'], inplace=True)" ], "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "SGYJzwQsb6Le", "outputId": "579a9ffb-9817-47e7-a5df-4fa7b0cbbf1d", "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } }, "execution_count": 4, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "# 0\n", "Name 0\n", "Type 1 0\n", "Type 2 386\n", "Total 0\n", "HP 0\n", "Attack 0\n", "Defense 0\n", "Sp. Atk 0\n", "Sp. Def 0\n", "Speed 0\n", "Generation 0\n", "Legendary 0\n", "dtype: int64\n" ] } ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "print(df.isna().sum())" ], "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "PaFw_zDvbinl", "outputId": "781afbbd-098a-44ec-d7e0-838134a2d902", "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } }, "execution_count": 5, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "# 0\n", "Name 0\n", "Type 1 0\n", "Type 2 0\n", "Total 0\n", "HP 0\n", "Attack 0\n", "Defense 0\n", "Sp. Atk 0\n", "Sp. Def 0\n", "Speed 0\n", "Generation 0\n", "Legendary 0\n", "dtype: int64\n" ] } ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "**Select the target variable y as 'HP' and the predictor as 'Attack', split the dataset in a train and a test set with a 0.8/0.2 ratio.**" ], "metadata": { "id": "ZiupbAY9b-H2", "pycharm": { "name": "#%% md\n" } } }, { "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "##Select a target variable y and a predictor x. Reshape the data x to [num_samples, 1]##\n", "\n", "y = df['HP'].values\n", "x = df['Attack'].values\n", "X = x[:, np.newaxis]\n", "fig, ax = plt.subplots()\n", "\n", "ax.scatter(x,y)\n", "ax.set_xlabel('Attack')\n", "ax.set_ylabel('HP')\n", "plt.show()\n", "\n", "##Define a training set and a validation set##\n", "\n", "X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, train_size=0.8, test_size=0.2, shuffle=True)\n", "print((X_train.shape, y_train.shape), (X_test.shape, y_test.shape))" ], "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 296 }, "id": "sbGfkAWmcbRN", "outputId": "3ba45f44-374b-45a7-bbbd-a098977e54e2", "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } }, "execution_count": 6, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": "", "application/javascript": "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n/* global mpl */\nwindow.mpl = {};\n\nmpl.get_websocket_type = function () {\n if (typeof WebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return WebSocket;\n } else if (typeof MozWebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return MozWebSocket;\n } else {\n alert(\n 'Your browser does not have WebSocket support. ' +\n 'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n 'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n 'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.'\n );\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure = function (figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n this.id = figure_id;\n\n this.ws = websocket;\n\n this.supports_binary = this.ws.binaryType !== undefined;\n\n if (!this.supports_binary) {\n var warnings = document.getElementById('mpl-warnings');\n if (warnings) {\n warnings.style.display = 'block';\n warnings.textContent =\n 'This browser does not support binary websocket messages. ' +\n 'Performance may be slow.';\n }\n }\n\n this.imageObj = new Image();\n\n this.context = undefined;\n this.message = undefined;\n this.canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n\n this.image_mode = 'full';\n\n this.root = document.createElement('div');\n this.root.setAttribute('style', 'display: inline-block');\n this._root_extra_style(this.root);\n\n parent_element.appendChild(this.root);\n\n this._init_header(this);\n this._init_canvas(this);\n this._init_toolbar(this);\n\n var fig = this;\n\n this.waiting = false;\n\n this.ws.onopen = function () {\n fig.send_message('supports_binary', { value: fig.supports_binary });\n fig.send_message('send_image_mode', {});\n if (fig.ratio !== 1) {\n fig.send_message('set_device_pixel_ratio', {\n device_pixel_ratio: fig.ratio,\n });\n }\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onload = function () {\n if (fig.image_mode === 'full') {\n // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n // there is no ghosting.\n fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n }\n fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onunload = function () {\n fig.ws.close();\n };\n\n this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n\n this.ondownload = ondownload;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function () {\n var titlebar = document.createElement('div');\n titlebar.classList =\n 'ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ui-helper-clearfix';\n var titletext = document.createElement('div');\n titletext.classList = 'ui-dialog-title';\n titletext.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 3px;'\n );\n titlebar.appendChild(titletext);\n this.root.appendChild(titlebar);\n this.header = titletext;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var canvas_div = (this.canvas_div = document.createElement('div'));\n canvas_div.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'border: 1px solid #ddd;' +\n 'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n 'clear: both;' +\n 'min-height: 1px;' +\n 'min-width: 1px;' +\n 'outline: 0;' +\n 'overflow: hidden;' +\n 'position: relative;' +\n 'resize: both;'\n );\n\n function on_keyboard_event_closure(name) {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.key_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keydown',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_press')\n );\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keyup',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_release')\n );\n\n this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div);\n this.root.appendChild(canvas_div);\n\n var canvas = (this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas'));\n canvas.classList.add('mpl-canvas');\n canvas.setAttribute('style', 'box-sizing: content-box;');\n\n this.context = canvas.getContext('2d');\n\n var backingStore =\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n 1;\n\n this.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n\n var rubberband_canvas = (this.rubberband_canvas = document.createElement(\n 'canvas'\n ));\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;'\n );\n\n // Apply a ponyfill if ResizeObserver is not implemented by browser.\n if (this.ResizeObserver === undefined) {\n if (window.ResizeObserver !== undefined) {\n this.ResizeObserver = window.ResizeObserver;\n } else {\n var obs = _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER({});\n this.ResizeObserver = obs.ResizeObserver;\n }\n }\n\n this.resizeObserverInstance = new this.ResizeObserver(function (entries) {\n var nentries = entries.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {\n var entry = entries[i];\n var width, height;\n if (entry.contentBoxSize) {\n if (entry.contentBoxSize instanceof Array) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize[0].inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize[0].blockSize;\n } else {\n // Firefox implements old version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize.inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize.blockSize;\n }\n } else {\n // Chrome <84 implements even older version of spec.\n width = entry.contentRect.width;\n height = entry.contentRect.height;\n }\n\n // Keep the size of the canvas and rubber band canvas in sync with\n // the canvas container.\n if (entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'width',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].inlineSize\n );\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'height',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].blockSize\n );\n } else {\n canvas.setAttribute('width', width * fig.ratio);\n canvas.setAttribute('height', height * fig.ratio);\n }\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'width: ' + width + 'px; 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We ignore the initial 0/0 size\n // that occurs as the element is placed into the DOM, which should\n // otherwise not happen due to the minimum size styling.\n if (fig.ws.readyState == 1 && width != 0 && height != 0) {\n fig.request_resize(width, height);\n }\n }\n });\n this.resizeObserverInstance.observe(canvas_div);\n\n function on_mouse_event_closure(name) {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mousedown',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_press')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseup',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_release')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'dblclick',\n on_mouse_event_closure('dblclick')\n );\n // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mousemove',\n on_mouse_event_closure('motion_notify')\n );\n\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseenter',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_enter')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseleave',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_leave')\n );\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener('wheel', function (event) {\n if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n event.step = 1;\n } else {\n event.step = -1;\n }\n on_mouse_event_closure('scroll')(event);\n });\n\n canvas_div.appendChild(canvas);\n canvas_div.appendChild(rubberband_canvas);\n\n this.rubberband_context = rubberband_canvas.getContext('2d');\n this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = '#000000';\n\n this._resize_canvas = function (width, height, forward) {\n if (forward) {\n canvas_div.style.width = width + 'px';\n canvas_div.style.height = height + 'px';\n }\n };\n\n // Disable right mouse context menu.\n this.rubberband_canvas.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (_e) {\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n });\n\n function set_focus() {\n canvas.focus();\n canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'mpl-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n var button = (fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button'));\n button.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n button.setAttribute('role', 'button');\n button.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'false');\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n\n var icon_img = document.createElement('img');\n icon_img.src = '_images/' + image + '.png';\n icon_img.srcset = '_images/' + image + '_large.png 2x';\n icon_img.alt = tooltip;\n button.appendChild(icon_img);\n\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n var fmt_picker = document.createElement('select');\n fmt_picker.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n toolbar.appendChild(fmt_picker);\n this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker;\n\n for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n var option = document.createElement('option');\n option.selected = fmt === mpl.default_extension;\n option.innerHTML = fmt;\n fmt_picker.appendChild(option);\n }\n\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function (x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n this.send_message('resize', { width: x_pixels, height: y_pixels });\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function (type, properties) {\n properties['type'] = type;\n properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function () {\n if (!this.waiting) {\n this.waiting = true;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'draw', figure_id: this.id }));\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function (fig, msg) {\n var size = msg['size'];\n if (size[0] !== fig.canvas.width || size[1] !== fig.canvas.height) {\n fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1], msg['forward']);\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function (fig, msg) {\n var x0 = msg['x0'] / fig.ratio;\n var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / fig.ratio;\n var x1 = msg['x1'] / fig.ratio;\n var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / fig.ratio;\n x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n\n fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n 0,\n 0,\n fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio,\n fig.canvas.height / fig.ratio\n );\n\n fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function (fig, msg) {\n // Updates the figure title.\n fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = msg['cursor'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function (fig, _msg) {\n // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n fig.send_draw_message();\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_history_buttons = function (fig, msg) {\n for (var key in msg) {\n if (!(key in fig.buttons)) {\n continue;\n }\n fig.buttons[key].disabled = !msg[key];\n fig.buttons[key].setAttribute('aria-disabled', !msg[key]);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_navigate_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n if (msg['mode'] === 'PAN') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.add('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n } else if (msg['mode'] === 'ZOOM') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.add('active');\n } else {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n};\n\n// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n// Called in the figure constructor.\nmpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n var img = evt.data;\n if (img.type !== 'image/png') {\n /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n * Chrome. But how to set the MIME type? It doesn't seem\n * to be part of the websocket stream */\n img.type = 'image/png';\n }\n\n /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n fig.imageObj.src\n );\n }\n\n fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n img\n );\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n } else if (\n typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n ) {\n fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n }\n\n var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n var msg_type = msg['type'];\n\n // Call the \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n try {\n var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n msg\n );\n return;\n }\n\n if (callback) {\n try {\n // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n callback(fig, msg);\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n e,\n e.stack,\n msg\n );\n }\n }\n };\n};\n\n// from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\nmpl.findpos = function (e) {\n //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n var targ;\n if (!e) {\n e = window.event;\n }\n if (e.target) {\n targ = e.target;\n } else if (e.srcElement) {\n targ = e.srcElement;\n }\n if (targ.nodeType === 3) {\n // defeat Safari bug\n targ = targ.parentNode;\n }\n\n // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n var boundingRect = targ.getBoundingClientRect();\n var x = e.pageX - (boundingRect.left + document.body.scrollLeft);\n var y = e.pageY - (boundingRect.top + document.body.scrollTop);\n\n return { x: x, y: y };\n};\n\n/*\n * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n * we need this to avoid circular references\n * https://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n */\nfunction simpleKeys(original) {\n return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n obj[key] = original[key];\n }\n return obj;\n }, {});\n}\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event);\n\n if (name === 'button_press') {\n this.canvas.focus();\n this.canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n var x = canvas_pos.x * this.ratio;\n var y = canvas_pos.y * this.ratio;\n\n this.send_message(name, {\n x: x,\n y: y,\n button: event.button,\n step: event.step,\n guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n });\n\n /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed. We want\n * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n // Prevent repeat events\n if (name === 'key_press') {\n if (event.key === this._key) {\n return;\n } else {\n this._key = event.key;\n }\n }\n if (name === 'key_release') {\n this._key = null;\n }\n\n var value = '';\n if (event.ctrlKey && event.key !== 'Control') {\n value += 'ctrl+';\n }\n else if (event.altKey && event.key !== 'Alt') {\n value += 'alt+';\n }\n else if (event.shiftKey && event.key !== 'Shift') {\n value += 'shift+';\n }\n\n value += 'k' + event.key;\n\n this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n\n this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n if (name === 'download') {\n this.handle_save(this, null);\n } else {\n this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n};\n\n///////////////// REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY embed_js.py /////////////////\n// prettier-ignore\nvar _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER=function(A){var t,i=new WeakMap,n=new WeakMap,a=new WeakMap,r=new WeakMap,o=new Set;function s(e){if(!(this instanceof s))throw new TypeError(\"Constructor requires 'new' operator\");i.set(this,e)}function h(){throw new TypeError(\"Function is not a constructor\")}function c(e,t,i,n){e=0 in arguments?Number(arguments[0]):0,t=1 in arguments?Number(arguments[1]):0,i=2 in arguments?Number(arguments[2]):0,n=3 in arguments?Number(arguments[3]):0,this.right=(this.x=this.left=e)+(this.width=i),this.bottom=(this.y=this.top=t)+(this.height=n),Object.freeze(this)}function d(){t=requestAnimationFrame(d);var s=new WeakMap,p=new Set;o.forEach((function(t){r.get(t).forEach((function(i){var r=t instanceof window.SVGElement,o=a.get(t),d=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingTop),f=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingRight),l=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingBottom),u=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingLeft),g=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderTopWidth),m=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderRightWidth),w=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderBottomWidth),b=u+f,F=d+l,v=(r?0:parseFloat(o.borderLeftWidth))+m,W=g+w,y=r?0:t.offsetHeight-W-t.clientHeight,E=r?0:t.offsetWidth-v-t.clientWidth,R=b+v,z=F+W,M=r?t.width:parseFloat(o.width)-R-E,O=r?t.height:parseFloat(o.height)-z-y;if(n.has(t)){var k=n.get(t);if(k[0]===M&&k[1]===O)return}n.set(t,[M,O]);var S=Object.create(h.prototype);S.target=t,S.contentRect=new c(u,d,M,O),s.has(i)||(s.set(i,[]),p.add(i)),s.get(i).push(S)}))})),p.forEach((function(e){i.get(e).call(e,s.get(e),e)}))}return s.prototype.observe=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element){r.has(i)||(r.set(i,new Set),o.add(i),a.set(i,window.getComputedStyle(i)));var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)||n.add(this),cancelAnimationFrame(t),t=requestAnimationFrame(d)}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element&&r.has(i)){var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)&&(n.delete(this),n.size||(r.delete(i),o.delete(i))),n.size||r.delete(i),o.size||cancelAnimationFrame(t)}},A.DOMRectReadOnly=c,A.ResizeObserver=s,A.ResizeObserverEntry=h,A}; // eslint-disable-line\nmpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n\nmpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pgf\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n\nmpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n\nvar comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n var ws = {};\n\n ws.binaryType = comm.kernel.ws.binaryType;\n ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n function updateReadyState(_event) {\n if (comm.kernel.ws) {\n ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n } else {\n ws.readyState = 3; // Closed state.\n }\n }\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('open', updateReadyState);\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('close', updateReadyState);\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('error', updateReadyState);\n\n ws.close = function () {\n comm.close();\n };\n ws.send = function (m) {\n //console.log('sending', m);\n comm.send(m);\n };\n // Register the callback with on_msg.\n comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n var data = msg['content']['data'];\n if (data['blob'] !== undefined) {\n data = {\n data: new Blob(msg['buffers'], { type: data['blob'] }),\n };\n }\n // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n ws.onmessage(data);\n });\n return ws;\n};\n\nmpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n\n var id = msg.content.data.id;\n // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n // socket was opened in Python.\n var element = document.getElementById(id);\n var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n\n function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n }\n\n var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n\n // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n ws_proxy.onopen();\n\n fig.parent_element = element;\n fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"
\");\n if (!fig.cell_info) {\n console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n return;\n }\n fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.on(\n 'cleared',\n { fig: fig },\n fig._remove_fig_handler\n );\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n var width = fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio;\n fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.off(\n 'cleared',\n fig._remove_fig_handler\n );\n fig.resizeObserverInstance.unobserve(fig.canvas_div);\n\n // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n fig.push_to_output();\n var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n '';\n fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n // fig.ws.close()\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n var width = this.canvas.width / this.ratio;\n var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n '';\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n var fig = this;\n // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n setTimeout(function () {\n fig.push_to_output();\n }, 1000);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n var button;\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = name;\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n // Add the status bar.\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n\n // Add the close button to the window.\n var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n button = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n });\n button.addEventListener(\n 'mouseover',\n on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n );\n buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function (event) {\n var fig = event.data.fig;\n if (event.target !== this) {\n // Ignore bubbled events from children.\n return;\n }\n fig.close_ws(fig, {});\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n // off when our div gets focus\n\n // location in version 3\n if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n } else {\n // location in version 2\n IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n // Check for shift+enter\n if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n this.canvas_div.blur();\n // select the cell after this one\n var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n};\n\nmpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n var ncells = cells.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n var cell = cells[i];\n if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n if (data.data) {\n // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n data = data.data;\n }\n if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n return [cell, data, j];\n }\n }\n }\n }\n};\n\n// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\nif (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n 'matplotlib',\n mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n );\n}\n" }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" }, { "data": { "text/plain": "", "text/html": "
" }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" }, { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "((640, 1), (640,)) ((160, 1), (160,))\n" ] } ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "**Build a linear regression model and fit it to the training data.**" ], "metadata": { "id": "QRsWArmDcj_Z", "pycharm": { "name": "#%% md\n" } } }, { "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "##Define the linear regression model, and reshape the data x to [num_samples, 1]##\n", "\n", "model = LinearRegression(fit_intercept=True)\n", "\n", "##Fit the model to the training data##\n", "\n", "model.fit(X_train,y_train)" ], "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "wofvXKaicjJB", "outputId": "aefa4735-aa7b-4048-b260-8b81069b76b0", "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } }, "execution_count": 7, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": "LinearRegression()" }, "execution_count": 7, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "**Get the model's parameters, and compute the coefficient of determination and the mean square error on both the training and test sets.**" ], "metadata": { "id": "HZtL8vxjc8yb", "pycharm": { "name": "#%% md\n" } } }, { "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "##Get the model's parameters##\n", "\n", "print('Model\\'s coefficients : {}'.format(model.coef_))\n", "print('Model\\'s intercept : {}'.format(model.intercept_))" ], "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "FyO_-2aGeJCw", "outputId": "2e3b287d-6e98-471d-be74-4aa34aa5eb24", "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } }, "execution_count": 8, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Model's coefficients : [0.35003279]\n", "Model's intercept : 41.94146343929821\n" ] } ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "##Make predictions for both the training and the test sets##\n", "\n", "y_pred_train = model.predict(X_train)\n", "y_pred_test = model.predict(X_test)\n", "\n", "##Compute th coefficient of determination and the mean square error on both sets##\n", "\n", "MSE_train = mean_squared_error(y_train, y_pred_train)\n", "MSE_test = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred_test)\n", "R2_train = model.score(X_train, y_train)\n", "R2_test = model.score(X_test, y_test)\n", "\n", "print('MSE on training set : {}'.format(MSE_train))\n", "print('R2 on training set : {}'.format(R2_train))\n", "print('MSE on test set : {}'.format(MSE_test))\n", "print('R2 on test set : {}'.format(R2_test))" ], "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "EF08yODueNB9", "outputId": "50d4762e-72f9-4ceb-bba4-6dee9f055804", "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } }, "execution_count": 9, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "MSE on training set : 507.05370585265854\n", "R2 on training set : 0.19544392761467966\n", "MSE on test set : 649.1184466269492\n", "R2 on test set : 0.11257150544534344\n" ] } ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "**Plot the regression line**" ], "metadata": { "id": "MAjY7FyheSwV", "pycharm": { "name": "#%% md\n" } } }, { "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "##Generate predictions out of the fitted model##\n", "\n", "xfit = np.linspace(0,200)\n", "xfit = xfit[:, np.newaxis]\n", "yfit = model.predict(xfit)\n", "\n", "##Plot the regression line##\n", "\n", "_, ax = plt.subplots()\n", "ax.scatter(x,y)\n", "ax.set_xlabel('Attack')\n", "ax.set_ylabel('HP')\n", "ax.plot(xfit, yfit, label='Regression line', color='red')\n", "ax.legend()\n", "plt.show()" ], "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 279 }, "id": "PIZ5v8MDem9w", "outputId": "8bfe3caa-0ec1-495c-b4ce-923e8b2b3549", "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } }, "execution_count": 10, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": "", "application/javascript": "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n/* global mpl */\nwindow.mpl = {};\n\nmpl.get_websocket_type = function () {\n if (typeof WebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return WebSocket;\n } else if (typeof MozWebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return MozWebSocket;\n } else {\n alert(\n 'Your browser does not have WebSocket support. ' +\n 'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n 'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n 'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.'\n );\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure = function (figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n this.id = figure_id;\n\n this.ws = websocket;\n\n this.supports_binary = this.ws.binaryType !== undefined;\n\n if (!this.supports_binary) {\n var warnings = document.getElementById('mpl-warnings');\n if (warnings) {\n warnings.style.display = 'block';\n warnings.textContent =\n 'This browser does not support binary websocket messages. ' +\n 'Performance may be slow.';\n }\n }\n\n this.imageObj = new Image();\n\n this.context = undefined;\n this.message = undefined;\n this.canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n\n this.image_mode = 'full';\n\n this.root = document.createElement('div');\n this.root.setAttribute('style', 'display: inline-block');\n this._root_extra_style(this.root);\n\n parent_element.appendChild(this.root);\n\n this._init_header(this);\n this._init_canvas(this);\n this._init_toolbar(this);\n\n var fig = this;\n\n this.waiting = false;\n\n this.ws.onopen = function () {\n fig.send_message('supports_binary', { value: fig.supports_binary });\n fig.send_message('send_image_mode', {});\n if (fig.ratio !== 1) {\n fig.send_message('set_device_pixel_ratio', {\n device_pixel_ratio: fig.ratio,\n });\n }\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onload = function () {\n if (fig.image_mode === 'full') {\n // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n // there is no ghosting.\n fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n }\n fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onunload = function () {\n fig.ws.close();\n };\n\n this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n\n this.ondownload = ondownload;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function () {\n var titlebar = document.createElement('div');\n titlebar.classList =\n 'ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ui-helper-clearfix';\n var titletext = document.createElement('div');\n titletext.classList = 'ui-dialog-title';\n titletext.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 3px;'\n );\n titlebar.appendChild(titletext);\n this.root.appendChild(titlebar);\n this.header = titletext;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var canvas_div = (this.canvas_div = document.createElement('div'));\n canvas_div.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'border: 1px solid #ddd;' +\n 'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n 'clear: both;' +\n 'min-height: 1px;' +\n 'min-width: 1px;' +\n 'outline: 0;' +\n 'overflow: hidden;' +\n 'position: relative;' +\n 'resize: both;'\n );\n\n function on_keyboard_event_closure(name) {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.key_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keydown',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_press')\n );\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keyup',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_release')\n );\n\n this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div);\n this.root.appendChild(canvas_div);\n\n var canvas = (this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas'));\n canvas.classList.add('mpl-canvas');\n canvas.setAttribute('style', 'box-sizing: content-box;');\n\n this.context = canvas.getContext('2d');\n\n var backingStore =\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n 1;\n\n this.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n\n var rubberband_canvas = (this.rubberband_canvas = document.createElement(\n 'canvas'\n ));\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;'\n );\n\n // Apply a ponyfill if ResizeObserver is not implemented by browser.\n if (this.ResizeObserver === undefined) {\n if (window.ResizeObserver !== undefined) {\n this.ResizeObserver = window.ResizeObserver;\n } else {\n var obs = _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER({});\n this.ResizeObserver = obs.ResizeObserver;\n }\n }\n\n this.resizeObserverInstance = new this.ResizeObserver(function (entries) {\n var nentries = entries.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {\n var entry = entries[i];\n var width, height;\n if (entry.contentBoxSize) {\n if (entry.contentBoxSize instanceof Array) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize[0].inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize[0].blockSize;\n } else {\n // Firefox implements old version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize.inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize.blockSize;\n }\n } else {\n // Chrome <84 implements even older version of spec.\n width = entry.contentRect.width;\n height = entry.contentRect.height;\n }\n\n // Keep the size of the canvas and rubber band canvas in sync with\n // the canvas container.\n if (entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'width',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].inlineSize\n );\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'height',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].blockSize\n );\n } else {\n canvas.setAttribute('width', width * fig.ratio);\n canvas.setAttribute('height', height * fig.ratio);\n }\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'width: ' + width + 'px; height: ' + height + 'px;'\n );\n\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('width', width);\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('height', height);\n\n // And update the size in Python. We ignore the initial 0/0 size\n // that occurs as the element is placed into the DOM, which should\n // otherwise not happen due to the minimum size styling.\n if (fig.ws.readyState == 1 && width != 0 && height != 0) {\n fig.request_resize(width, height);\n }\n }\n });\n this.resizeObserverInstance.observe(canvas_div);\n\n function on_mouse_event_closure(name) {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mousedown',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_press')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseup',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_release')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'dblclick',\n on_mouse_event_closure('dblclick')\n );\n // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mousemove',\n on_mouse_event_closure('motion_notify')\n );\n\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseenter',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_enter')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseleave',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_leave')\n );\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener('wheel', function (event) {\n if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n event.step = 1;\n } else {\n event.step = -1;\n }\n on_mouse_event_closure('scroll')(event);\n });\n\n canvas_div.appendChild(canvas);\n canvas_div.appendChild(rubberband_canvas);\n\n this.rubberband_context = rubberband_canvas.getContext('2d');\n this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = '#000000';\n\n this._resize_canvas = function (width, height, forward) {\n if (forward) {\n canvas_div.style.width = width + 'px';\n canvas_div.style.height = height + 'px';\n }\n };\n\n // Disable right mouse context menu.\n this.rubberband_canvas.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (_e) {\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n });\n\n function set_focus() {\n canvas.focus();\n canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'mpl-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n var button = (fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button'));\n button.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n button.setAttribute('role', 'button');\n button.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'false');\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n\n var icon_img = document.createElement('img');\n icon_img.src = '_images/' + image + '.png';\n icon_img.srcset = '_images/' + image + '_large.png 2x';\n icon_img.alt = tooltip;\n button.appendChild(icon_img);\n\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n var fmt_picker = document.createElement('select');\n fmt_picker.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n toolbar.appendChild(fmt_picker);\n this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker;\n\n for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n var option = document.createElement('option');\n option.selected = fmt === mpl.default_extension;\n option.innerHTML = fmt;\n fmt_picker.appendChild(option);\n }\n\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function (x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n this.send_message('resize', { width: x_pixels, height: y_pixels });\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function (type, properties) {\n properties['type'] = type;\n properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function () {\n if (!this.waiting) {\n this.waiting = true;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'draw', figure_id: this.id }));\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function (fig, msg) {\n var size = msg['size'];\n if (size[0] !== fig.canvas.width || size[1] !== fig.canvas.height) {\n fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1], msg['forward']);\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function (fig, msg) {\n var x0 = msg['x0'] / fig.ratio;\n var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / fig.ratio;\n var x1 = msg['x1'] / fig.ratio;\n var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / fig.ratio;\n x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n\n fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n 0,\n 0,\n fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio,\n fig.canvas.height / fig.ratio\n );\n\n fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function (fig, msg) {\n // Updates the figure title.\n fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = msg['cursor'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function (fig, _msg) {\n // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n fig.send_draw_message();\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_history_buttons = function (fig, msg) {\n for (var key in msg) {\n if (!(key in fig.buttons)) {\n continue;\n }\n fig.buttons[key].disabled = !msg[key];\n fig.buttons[key].setAttribute('aria-disabled', !msg[key]);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_navigate_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n if (msg['mode'] === 'PAN') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.add('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n } else if (msg['mode'] === 'ZOOM') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.add('active');\n } else {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n};\n\n// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n// Called in the figure constructor.\nmpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n var img = evt.data;\n if (img.type !== 'image/png') {\n /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n * Chrome. But how to set the MIME type? It doesn't seem\n * to be part of the websocket stream */\n img.type = 'image/png';\n }\n\n /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n fig.imageObj.src\n );\n }\n\n fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n img\n );\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n } else if (\n typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n ) {\n fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n }\n\n var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n var msg_type = msg['type'];\n\n // Call the \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n try {\n var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n msg\n );\n return;\n }\n\n if (callback) {\n try {\n // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n callback(fig, msg);\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n e,\n e.stack,\n msg\n );\n }\n }\n };\n};\n\n// from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\nmpl.findpos = function (e) {\n //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n var targ;\n if (!e) {\n e = window.event;\n }\n if (e.target) {\n targ = e.target;\n } else if (e.srcElement) {\n targ = e.srcElement;\n }\n if (targ.nodeType === 3) {\n // defeat Safari bug\n targ = targ.parentNode;\n }\n\n // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n var boundingRect = targ.getBoundingClientRect();\n var x = e.pageX - (boundingRect.left + document.body.scrollLeft);\n var y = e.pageY - (boundingRect.top + document.body.scrollTop);\n\n return { x: x, y: y };\n};\n\n/*\n * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n * we need this to avoid circular references\n * https://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n */\nfunction simpleKeys(original) {\n return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n obj[key] = original[key];\n }\n return obj;\n }, {});\n}\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event);\n\n if (name === 'button_press') {\n this.canvas.focus();\n this.canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n var x = canvas_pos.x * this.ratio;\n var y = canvas_pos.y * this.ratio;\n\n this.send_message(name, {\n x: x,\n y: y,\n button: event.button,\n step: event.step,\n guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n });\n\n /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed. We want\n * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n // Prevent repeat events\n if (name === 'key_press') {\n if (event.key === this._key) {\n return;\n } else {\n this._key = event.key;\n }\n }\n if (name === 'key_release') {\n this._key = null;\n }\n\n var value = '';\n if (event.ctrlKey && event.key !== 'Control') {\n value += 'ctrl+';\n }\n else if (event.altKey && event.key !== 'Alt') {\n value += 'alt+';\n }\n else if (event.shiftKey && event.key !== 'Shift') {\n value += 'shift+';\n }\n\n value += 'k' + event.key;\n\n this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n\n this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n if (name === 'download') {\n this.handle_save(this, null);\n } else {\n this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n};\n\n///////////////// REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY embed_js.py /////////////////\n// prettier-ignore\nvar _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER=function(A){var t,i=new WeakMap,n=new WeakMap,a=new WeakMap,r=new WeakMap,o=new Set;function s(e){if(!(this instanceof s))throw new TypeError(\"Constructor requires 'new' operator\");i.set(this,e)}function h(){throw new TypeError(\"Function is not a constructor\")}function c(e,t,i,n){e=0 in arguments?Number(arguments[0]):0,t=1 in arguments?Number(arguments[1]):0,i=2 in arguments?Number(arguments[2]):0,n=3 in arguments?Number(arguments[3]):0,this.right=(this.x=this.left=e)+(this.width=i),this.bottom=(this.y=this.top=t)+(this.height=n),Object.freeze(this)}function d(){t=requestAnimationFrame(d);var s=new WeakMap,p=new Set;o.forEach((function(t){r.get(t).forEach((function(i){var r=t instanceof window.SVGElement,o=a.get(t),d=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingTop),f=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingRight),l=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingBottom),u=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingLeft),g=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderTopWidth),m=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderRightWidth),w=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderBottomWidth),b=u+f,F=d+l,v=(r?0:parseFloat(o.borderLeftWidth))+m,W=g+w,y=r?0:t.offsetHeight-W-t.clientHeight,E=r?0:t.offsetWidth-v-t.clientWidth,R=b+v,z=F+W,M=r?t.width:parseFloat(o.width)-R-E,O=r?t.height:parseFloat(o.height)-z-y;if(n.has(t)){var k=n.get(t);if(k[0]===M&&k[1]===O)return}n.set(t,[M,O]);var S=Object.create(h.prototype);S.target=t,S.contentRect=new c(u,d,M,O),s.has(i)||(s.set(i,[]),p.add(i)),s.get(i).push(S)}))})),p.forEach((function(e){i.get(e).call(e,s.get(e),e)}))}return s.prototype.observe=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element){r.has(i)||(r.set(i,new Set),o.add(i),a.set(i,window.getComputedStyle(i)));var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)||n.add(this),cancelAnimationFrame(t),t=requestAnimationFrame(d)}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element&&r.has(i)){var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)&&(n.delete(this),n.size||(r.delete(i),o.delete(i))),n.size||r.delete(i),o.size||cancelAnimationFrame(t)}},A.DOMRectReadOnly=c,A.ResizeObserver=s,A.ResizeObserverEntry=h,A}; // eslint-disable-line\nmpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n\nmpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pgf\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n\nmpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n\nvar comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n var ws = {};\n\n ws.binaryType = comm.kernel.ws.binaryType;\n ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n function updateReadyState(_event) {\n if (comm.kernel.ws) {\n ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n } else {\n ws.readyState = 3; // Closed state.\n }\n }\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('open', updateReadyState);\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('close', updateReadyState);\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('error', updateReadyState);\n\n ws.close = function () {\n comm.close();\n };\n ws.send = function (m) {\n //console.log('sending', m);\n comm.send(m);\n };\n // Register the callback with on_msg.\n comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n var data = msg['content']['data'];\n if (data['blob'] !== undefined) {\n data = {\n data: new Blob(msg['buffers'], { type: data['blob'] }),\n };\n }\n // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n ws.onmessage(data);\n });\n return ws;\n};\n\nmpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n\n var id = msg.content.data.id;\n // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n // socket was opened in Python.\n var element = document.getElementById(id);\n var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n\n function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n }\n\n var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n\n // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n ws_proxy.onopen();\n\n fig.parent_element = element;\n fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"
\");\n if (!fig.cell_info) {\n console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n return;\n }\n fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.on(\n 'cleared',\n { fig: fig },\n fig._remove_fig_handler\n );\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n var width = fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio;\n fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.off(\n 'cleared',\n fig._remove_fig_handler\n );\n fig.resizeObserverInstance.unobserve(fig.canvas_div);\n\n // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n fig.push_to_output();\n var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n '';\n fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n // fig.ws.close()\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n var width = this.canvas.width / this.ratio;\n var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n '';\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n var fig = this;\n // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n setTimeout(function () {\n fig.push_to_output();\n }, 1000);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n var button;\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = name;\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n // Add the status bar.\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n\n // Add the close button to the window.\n var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n button = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n });\n button.addEventListener(\n 'mouseover',\n on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n );\n buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function (event) {\n var fig = event.data.fig;\n if (event.target !== this) {\n // Ignore bubbled events from children.\n return;\n }\n fig.close_ws(fig, {});\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n // off when our div gets focus\n\n // location in version 3\n if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n } else {\n // location in version 2\n IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n // Check for shift+enter\n if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n this.canvas_div.blur();\n // select the cell after this one\n var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n};\n\nmpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n var ncells = cells.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n var cell = cells[i];\n if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n if (data.data) {\n // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n data = data.data;\n }\n if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n return [cell, data, j];\n }\n }\n }\n }\n};\n\n// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\nif (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n 'matplotlib',\n mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n );\n}\n" }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" }, { "data": { "text/plain": "", "text/html": "
" }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "**Your turn !**" ], "metadata": { "id": "J3OzPndKsEsA", "pycharm": { "name": "#%% md\n" } } }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "**1) Do the same as above, but now include 'Defense' as a second predictor.**" ], "metadata": { "id": "PLEEhDHje0Zm", "pycharm": { "name": "#%% md\n" } } }, { "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "##Select a target variable y and a predictor x. Reshape the data x to [num_samples, 1]##\n", "\n", "y = df['HP'].values\n", "x1 = df['Attack'].values\n", "x2 = df['Defense'].values\n", "X = df[['Attack','Defense']].values\n", "\n", "fig = plt.figure()\n", "ax = plt.axes(projection ='3d')\n", "ax.scatter(x1,x2,y)\n", "ax.set_xlabel('Attack')\n", "ax.set_ylabel('Defense')\n", "ax.set_zlabel('HP')\n", "plt.show()\n", "\n", "##Define a training set and a validation set##\n", "\n", "X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, train_size=0.8, test_size=0.2, shuffle=True)\n", "print((X_train.shape, y_train.shape), (X_test.shape, y_test.shape))" ], "metadata": { "id": "YkbDiZxafwpD", "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } }, "execution_count": 11, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": "", "application/javascript": "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n/* global mpl */\nwindow.mpl = {};\n\nmpl.get_websocket_type = function () {\n if (typeof WebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return WebSocket;\n } else if (typeof MozWebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return MozWebSocket;\n } else {\n alert(\n 'Your browser does not have WebSocket support. ' +\n 'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n 'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n 'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.'\n );\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure = function (figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n this.id = figure_id;\n\n this.ws = websocket;\n\n this.supports_binary = this.ws.binaryType !== undefined;\n\n if (!this.supports_binary) {\n var warnings = document.getElementById('mpl-warnings');\n if (warnings) {\n warnings.style.display = 'block';\n warnings.textContent =\n 'This browser does not support binary websocket messages. ' +\n 'Performance may be slow.';\n }\n }\n\n this.imageObj = new Image();\n\n this.context = undefined;\n this.message = undefined;\n this.canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n\n this.image_mode = 'full';\n\n this.root = document.createElement('div');\n this.root.setAttribute('style', 'display: inline-block');\n this._root_extra_style(this.root);\n\n parent_element.appendChild(this.root);\n\n this._init_header(this);\n this._init_canvas(this);\n this._init_toolbar(this);\n\n var fig = this;\n\n this.waiting = false;\n\n this.ws.onopen = function () {\n fig.send_message('supports_binary', { value: fig.supports_binary });\n fig.send_message('send_image_mode', {});\n if (fig.ratio !== 1) {\n fig.send_message('set_device_pixel_ratio', {\n device_pixel_ratio: fig.ratio,\n });\n }\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onload = function () {\n if (fig.image_mode === 'full') {\n // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n // there is no ghosting.\n fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n }\n fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onunload = function () {\n fig.ws.close();\n };\n\n this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n\n this.ondownload = ondownload;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function () {\n var titlebar = document.createElement('div');\n titlebar.classList =\n 'ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ui-helper-clearfix';\n var titletext = document.createElement('div');\n titletext.classList = 'ui-dialog-title';\n titletext.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 3px;'\n );\n titlebar.appendChild(titletext);\n this.root.appendChild(titlebar);\n this.header = titletext;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var canvas_div = (this.canvas_div = document.createElement('div'));\n canvas_div.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'border: 1px solid #ddd;' +\n 'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n 'clear: both;' +\n 'min-height: 1px;' +\n 'min-width: 1px;' +\n 'outline: 0;' +\n 'overflow: hidden;' +\n 'position: relative;' +\n 'resize: both;'\n );\n\n function on_keyboard_event_closure(name) {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.key_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keydown',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_press')\n );\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keyup',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_release')\n );\n\n this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div);\n this.root.appendChild(canvas_div);\n\n var canvas = (this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas'));\n canvas.classList.add('mpl-canvas');\n canvas.setAttribute('style', 'box-sizing: content-box;');\n\n this.context = canvas.getContext('2d');\n\n var backingStore =\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n 1;\n\n this.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n\n var rubberband_canvas = (this.rubberband_canvas = document.createElement(\n 'canvas'\n ));\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;'\n );\n\n // Apply a ponyfill if ResizeObserver is not implemented by browser.\n if (this.ResizeObserver === undefined) {\n if (window.ResizeObserver !== undefined) {\n this.ResizeObserver = window.ResizeObserver;\n } else {\n var obs = _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER({});\n this.ResizeObserver = obs.ResizeObserver;\n }\n }\n\n this.resizeObserverInstance = new this.ResizeObserver(function (entries) {\n var nentries = entries.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {\n var entry = entries[i];\n var width, height;\n if (entry.contentBoxSize) {\n if (entry.contentBoxSize instanceof Array) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize[0].inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize[0].blockSize;\n } else {\n // Firefox implements old version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize.inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize.blockSize;\n }\n } else {\n // Chrome <84 implements even older version of spec.\n width = entry.contentRect.width;\n height = entry.contentRect.height;\n }\n\n // Keep the size of the canvas and rubber band canvas in sync with\n // the canvas container.\n if (entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'width',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].inlineSize\n );\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'height',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].blockSize\n );\n } else {\n canvas.setAttribute('width', width * fig.ratio);\n canvas.setAttribute('height', height * fig.ratio);\n }\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'width: ' + width + 'px; height: ' + height + 'px;'\n );\n\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('width', width);\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('height', height);\n\n // And update the size in Python. We ignore the initial 0/0 size\n // that occurs as the element is placed into the DOM, which should\n // otherwise not happen due to the minimum size styling.\n if (fig.ws.readyState == 1 && width != 0 && height != 0) {\n fig.request_resize(width, height);\n }\n }\n });\n this.resizeObserverInstance.observe(canvas_div);\n\n function on_mouse_event_closure(name) {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mousedown',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_press')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseup',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_release')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'dblclick',\n on_mouse_event_closure('dblclick')\n );\n // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mousemove',\n on_mouse_event_closure('motion_notify')\n );\n\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseenter',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_enter')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseleave',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_leave')\n );\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener('wheel', function (event) {\n if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n event.step = 1;\n } else {\n event.step = -1;\n }\n on_mouse_event_closure('scroll')(event);\n });\n\n canvas_div.appendChild(canvas);\n canvas_div.appendChild(rubberband_canvas);\n\n this.rubberband_context = rubberband_canvas.getContext('2d');\n this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = '#000000';\n\n this._resize_canvas = function (width, height, forward) {\n if (forward) {\n canvas_div.style.width = width + 'px';\n canvas_div.style.height = height + 'px';\n }\n };\n\n // Disable right mouse context menu.\n this.rubberband_canvas.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (_e) {\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n });\n\n function set_focus() {\n canvas.focus();\n canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'mpl-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n var button = (fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button'));\n button.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n button.setAttribute('role', 'button');\n button.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'false');\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n\n var icon_img = document.createElement('img');\n icon_img.src = '_images/' + image + '.png';\n icon_img.srcset = '_images/' + image + '_large.png 2x';\n icon_img.alt = tooltip;\n button.appendChild(icon_img);\n\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n var fmt_picker = document.createElement('select');\n fmt_picker.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n toolbar.appendChild(fmt_picker);\n this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker;\n\n for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n var option = document.createElement('option');\n option.selected = fmt === mpl.default_extension;\n option.innerHTML = fmt;\n fmt_picker.appendChild(option);\n }\n\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function (x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n this.send_message('resize', { width: x_pixels, height: y_pixels });\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function (type, properties) {\n properties['type'] = type;\n properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function () {\n if (!this.waiting) {\n this.waiting = true;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'draw', figure_id: this.id }));\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function (fig, msg) {\n var size = msg['size'];\n if (size[0] !== fig.canvas.width || size[1] !== fig.canvas.height) {\n fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1], msg['forward']);\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function (fig, msg) {\n var x0 = msg['x0'] / fig.ratio;\n var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / fig.ratio;\n var x1 = msg['x1'] / fig.ratio;\n var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / fig.ratio;\n x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n\n fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n 0,\n 0,\n fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio,\n fig.canvas.height / fig.ratio\n );\n\n fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function (fig, msg) {\n // Updates the figure title.\n fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = msg['cursor'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function (fig, _msg) {\n // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n fig.send_draw_message();\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_history_buttons = function (fig, msg) {\n for (var key in msg) {\n if (!(key in fig.buttons)) {\n continue;\n }\n fig.buttons[key].disabled = !msg[key];\n fig.buttons[key].setAttribute('aria-disabled', !msg[key]);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_navigate_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n if (msg['mode'] === 'PAN') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.add('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n } else if (msg['mode'] === 'ZOOM') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.add('active');\n } else {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n};\n\n// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n// Called in the figure constructor.\nmpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n var img = evt.data;\n if (img.type !== 'image/png') {\n /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n * Chrome. But how to set the MIME type? It doesn't seem\n * to be part of the websocket stream */\n img.type = 'image/png';\n }\n\n /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n fig.imageObj.src\n );\n }\n\n fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n img\n );\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n } else if (\n typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n ) {\n fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n }\n\n var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n var msg_type = msg['type'];\n\n // Call the \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n try {\n var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n msg\n );\n return;\n }\n\n if (callback) {\n try {\n // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n callback(fig, msg);\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n e,\n e.stack,\n msg\n );\n }\n }\n };\n};\n\n// from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\nmpl.findpos = function (e) {\n //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n var targ;\n if (!e) {\n e = window.event;\n }\n if (e.target) {\n targ = e.target;\n } else if (e.srcElement) {\n targ = e.srcElement;\n }\n if (targ.nodeType === 3) {\n // defeat Safari bug\n targ = targ.parentNode;\n }\n\n // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n var boundingRect = targ.getBoundingClientRect();\n var x = e.pageX - (boundingRect.left + document.body.scrollLeft);\n var y = e.pageY - (boundingRect.top + document.body.scrollTop);\n\n return { x: x, y: y };\n};\n\n/*\n * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n * we need this to avoid circular references\n * https://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n */\nfunction simpleKeys(original) {\n return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n obj[key] = original[key];\n }\n return obj;\n }, {});\n}\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event);\n\n if (name === 'button_press') {\n this.canvas.focus();\n this.canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n var x = canvas_pos.x * this.ratio;\n var y = canvas_pos.y * this.ratio;\n\n this.send_message(name, {\n x: x,\n y: y,\n button: event.button,\n step: event.step,\n guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n });\n\n /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed. We want\n * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n // Prevent repeat events\n if (name === 'key_press') {\n if (event.key === this._key) {\n return;\n } else {\n this._key = event.key;\n }\n }\n if (name === 'key_release') {\n this._key = null;\n }\n\n var value = '';\n if (event.ctrlKey && event.key !== 'Control') {\n value += 'ctrl+';\n }\n else if (event.altKey && event.key !== 'Alt') {\n value += 'alt+';\n }\n else if (event.shiftKey && event.key !== 'Shift') {\n value += 'shift+';\n }\n\n value += 'k' + event.key;\n\n this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n\n this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n if (name === 'download') {\n this.handle_save(this, null);\n } else {\n this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n};\n\n///////////////// REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY embed_js.py /////////////////\n// prettier-ignore\nvar _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER=function(A){var t,i=new WeakMap,n=new WeakMap,a=new WeakMap,r=new WeakMap,o=new Set;function s(e){if(!(this instanceof s))throw new TypeError(\"Constructor requires 'new' operator\");i.set(this,e)}function h(){throw new TypeError(\"Function is not a constructor\")}function c(e,t,i,n){e=0 in arguments?Number(arguments[0]):0,t=1 in arguments?Number(arguments[1]):0,i=2 in arguments?Number(arguments[2]):0,n=3 in arguments?Number(arguments[3]):0,this.right=(this.x=this.left=e)+(this.width=i),this.bottom=(this.y=this.top=t)+(this.height=n),Object.freeze(this)}function d(){t=requestAnimationFrame(d);var s=new WeakMap,p=new Set;o.forEach((function(t){r.get(t).forEach((function(i){var r=t instanceof window.SVGElement,o=a.get(t),d=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingTop),f=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingRight),l=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingBottom),u=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingLeft),g=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderTopWidth),m=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderRightWidth),w=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderBottomWidth),b=u+f,F=d+l,v=(r?0:parseFloat(o.borderLeftWidth))+m,W=g+w,y=r?0:t.offsetHeight-W-t.clientHeight,E=r?0:t.offsetWidth-v-t.clientWidth,R=b+v,z=F+W,M=r?t.width:parseFloat(o.width)-R-E,O=r?t.height:parseFloat(o.height)-z-y;if(n.has(t)){var k=n.get(t);if(k[0]===M&&k[1]===O)return}n.set(t,[M,O]);var S=Object.create(h.prototype);S.target=t,S.contentRect=new c(u,d,M,O),s.has(i)||(s.set(i,[]),p.add(i)),s.get(i).push(S)}))})),p.forEach((function(e){i.get(e).call(e,s.get(e),e)}))}return s.prototype.observe=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element){r.has(i)||(r.set(i,new Set),o.add(i),a.set(i,window.getComputedStyle(i)));var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)||n.add(this),cancelAnimationFrame(t),t=requestAnimationFrame(d)}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element&&r.has(i)){var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)&&(n.delete(this),n.size||(r.delete(i),o.delete(i))),n.size||r.delete(i),o.size||cancelAnimationFrame(t)}},A.DOMRectReadOnly=c,A.ResizeObserver=s,A.ResizeObserverEntry=h,A}; // eslint-disable-line\nmpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n\nmpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pgf\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n\nmpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n\nvar comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n var ws = {};\n\n ws.binaryType = comm.kernel.ws.binaryType;\n ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n function updateReadyState(_event) {\n if (comm.kernel.ws) {\n ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n } else {\n ws.readyState = 3; // Closed state.\n }\n }\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('open', updateReadyState);\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('close', updateReadyState);\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('error', updateReadyState);\n\n ws.close = function () {\n comm.close();\n };\n ws.send = function (m) {\n //console.log('sending', m);\n comm.send(m);\n };\n // Register the callback with on_msg.\n comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n var data = msg['content']['data'];\n if (data['blob'] !== undefined) {\n data = {\n data: new Blob(msg['buffers'], { type: data['blob'] }),\n };\n }\n // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n ws.onmessage(data);\n });\n return ws;\n};\n\nmpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n\n var id = msg.content.data.id;\n // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n // socket was opened in Python.\n var element = document.getElementById(id);\n var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n\n function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n }\n\n var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n\n // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n ws_proxy.onopen();\n\n fig.parent_element = element;\n fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"
\");\n if (!fig.cell_info) {\n console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n return;\n }\n fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.on(\n 'cleared',\n { fig: fig },\n fig._remove_fig_handler\n );\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n var width = fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio;\n fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.off(\n 'cleared',\n fig._remove_fig_handler\n );\n fig.resizeObserverInstance.unobserve(fig.canvas_div);\n\n // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n fig.push_to_output();\n var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n '';\n fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n // fig.ws.close()\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n var width = this.canvas.width / this.ratio;\n var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n '';\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n var fig = this;\n // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n setTimeout(function () {\n fig.push_to_output();\n }, 1000);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n var button;\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = name;\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n // Add the status bar.\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n\n // Add the close button to the window.\n var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n button = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n });\n button.addEventListener(\n 'mouseover',\n on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n );\n buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function (event) {\n var fig = event.data.fig;\n if (event.target !== this) {\n // Ignore bubbled events from children.\n return;\n }\n fig.close_ws(fig, {});\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n // off when our div gets focus\n\n // location in version 3\n if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n } else {\n // location in version 2\n IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n // Check for shift+enter\n if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n this.canvas_div.blur();\n // select the cell after this one\n var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n};\n\nmpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n var ncells = cells.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n var cell = cells[i];\n if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n if (data.data) {\n // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n data = data.data;\n }\n if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n return [cell, data, j];\n }\n }\n }\n }\n};\n\n// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\nif (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n 'matplotlib',\n mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n );\n}\n" }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" }, { "data": { "text/plain": "", "text/html": "
" }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" }, { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "((640, 2), (640,)) ((160, 2), (160,))\n" ] } ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "##Define the linear regression model, and reshape the data x to [num_samples, 1]##\n", "\n", "model = LinearRegression(fit_intercept=True)\n", "\n", "##Fit the model to the training data##\n", "\n", "model.fit(X_train,y_train)\n", "\n", "##Get the model's parameters##\n", "\n", "print('Model\\'s coefficients : {}'.format(model.coef_))\n", "print('Model\\'s intercept : {}'.format(model.intercept_))\n", "\n", "##Make predictions for both the training and the test sets##\n", "\n", "y_pred_train = model.predict(X_train)\n", "y_pred_test = model.predict(X_test)\n", "\n", "##Compute th coefficient of determination and the mean square error on both sets##\n", "\n", "MSE_train = mean_squared_error(y_train, y_pred_train)\n", "MSE_test = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred_test)\n", "R2_train = model.score(X_train, y_train)\n", "R2_test = model.score(X_test, y_test)\n", "\n", "print('MSE on training set : {}'.format(MSE_train))\n", "print('R2 on training set : {}'.format(R2_train))\n", "print('MSE on test set : {}'.format(MSE_test))\n", "print('R2 on test set : {}'.format(R2_test))" ], "metadata": { "id": "Q9Z0y3gxf2QS", "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } }, "execution_count": 12, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Model's coefficients : [0.28601917 0.04282644]\n", "Model's intercept : 44.08848983767056\n", "MSE on training set : 580.5614243165792\n", "R2 on training set : 0.1443626940787428\n", "MSE on test set : 347.4793398608715\n", "R2 on test set : 0.3484316969589002\n" ] } ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "##Generate predictions out of the fitted model##\n", "\n", "xfit1 = np.linspace(0,200)\n", "xfit = np.column_stack((xfit1,xfit1))\n", "#xfit = xfit[:, np.newaxis]\n", "yfit = model.predict(xfit)\n", "\n", "\n", "##Plot the regression line##\n", "\n", "fig = plt.figure()\n", "ax = plt.axes(projection ='3d')\n", "ax.scatter(x1,x2,y)\n", "ax.set_xlabel('Attack')\n", "ax.set_ylabel('Defense')\n", "ax.set_zlabel('HP')\n", "ax.plot(xfit1,xfit1, yfit, label='Regression line', color='red')\n", "ax.legend()\n", "plt.show()" ], "metadata": { "id": "qCTnZI0vgrw4", "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } }, "execution_count": 13, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": "", "application/javascript": "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n/* global mpl */\nwindow.mpl = {};\n\nmpl.get_websocket_type = function () {\n if (typeof WebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return WebSocket;\n } else if (typeof MozWebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return MozWebSocket;\n } else {\n alert(\n 'Your browser does not have WebSocket support. ' +\n 'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n 'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n 'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.'\n );\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure = function (figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n this.id = figure_id;\n\n this.ws = websocket;\n\n this.supports_binary = this.ws.binaryType !== undefined;\n\n if (!this.supports_binary) {\n var warnings = document.getElementById('mpl-warnings');\n if (warnings) {\n warnings.style.display = 'block';\n warnings.textContent =\n 'This browser does not support binary websocket messages. ' +\n 'Performance may be slow.';\n }\n }\n\n this.imageObj = new Image();\n\n this.context = undefined;\n this.message = undefined;\n this.canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n\n this.image_mode = 'full';\n\n this.root = document.createElement('div');\n this.root.setAttribute('style', 'display: inline-block');\n this._root_extra_style(this.root);\n\n parent_element.appendChild(this.root);\n\n this._init_header(this);\n this._init_canvas(this);\n this._init_toolbar(this);\n\n var fig = this;\n\n this.waiting = false;\n\n this.ws.onopen = function () {\n fig.send_message('supports_binary', { value: fig.supports_binary });\n fig.send_message('send_image_mode', {});\n if (fig.ratio !== 1) {\n fig.send_message('set_device_pixel_ratio', {\n device_pixel_ratio: fig.ratio,\n });\n }\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onload = function () {\n if (fig.image_mode === 'full') {\n // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n // there is no ghosting.\n fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n }\n fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onunload = function () {\n fig.ws.close();\n };\n\n this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n\n this.ondownload = ondownload;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function () {\n var titlebar = document.createElement('div');\n titlebar.classList =\n 'ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ui-helper-clearfix';\n var titletext = document.createElement('div');\n titletext.classList = 'ui-dialog-title';\n titletext.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 3px;'\n );\n titlebar.appendChild(titletext);\n this.root.appendChild(titlebar);\n this.header = titletext;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var canvas_div = (this.canvas_div = document.createElement('div'));\n canvas_div.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'border: 1px solid #ddd;' +\n 'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n 'clear: both;' +\n 'min-height: 1px;' +\n 'min-width: 1px;' +\n 'outline: 0;' +\n 'overflow: hidden;' +\n 'position: relative;' +\n 'resize: both;'\n );\n\n function on_keyboard_event_closure(name) {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.key_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keydown',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_press')\n );\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keyup',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_release')\n );\n\n this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div);\n this.root.appendChild(canvas_div);\n\n var canvas = (this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas'));\n canvas.classList.add('mpl-canvas');\n canvas.setAttribute('style', 'box-sizing: content-box;');\n\n this.context = canvas.getContext('2d');\n\n var backingStore =\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n 1;\n\n this.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n\n var rubberband_canvas = (this.rubberband_canvas = document.createElement(\n 'canvas'\n ));\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;'\n );\n\n // Apply a ponyfill if ResizeObserver is not implemented by browser.\n if (this.ResizeObserver === undefined) {\n if (window.ResizeObserver !== undefined) {\n this.ResizeObserver = window.ResizeObserver;\n } else {\n var obs = _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER({});\n this.ResizeObserver = obs.ResizeObserver;\n }\n }\n\n this.resizeObserverInstance = new this.ResizeObserver(function (entries) {\n var nentries = entries.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {\n var entry = entries[i];\n var width, height;\n if (entry.contentBoxSize) {\n if (entry.contentBoxSize instanceof Array) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize[0].inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize[0].blockSize;\n } else {\n // Firefox implements old version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize.inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize.blockSize;\n }\n } else {\n // Chrome <84 implements even older version of spec.\n width = entry.contentRect.width;\n height = entry.contentRect.height;\n }\n\n // Keep the size of the canvas and rubber band canvas in sync with\n // the canvas container.\n if (entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'width',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].inlineSize\n );\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'height',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].blockSize\n );\n } else {\n canvas.setAttribute('width', width * fig.ratio);\n canvas.setAttribute('height', height * fig.ratio);\n }\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'width: ' + width + 'px; height: ' + height + 'px;'\n );\n\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('width', width);\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('height', height);\n\n // And update the size in Python. We ignore the initial 0/0 size\n // that occurs as the element is placed into the DOM, which should\n // otherwise not happen due to the minimum size styling.\n if (fig.ws.readyState == 1 && width != 0 && height != 0) {\n fig.request_resize(width, height);\n }\n }\n });\n this.resizeObserverInstance.observe(canvas_div);\n\n function on_mouse_event_closure(name) {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mousedown',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_press')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseup',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_release')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'dblclick',\n on_mouse_event_closure('dblclick')\n );\n // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mousemove',\n on_mouse_event_closure('motion_notify')\n );\n\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseenter',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_enter')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseleave',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_leave')\n );\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener('wheel', function (event) {\n if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n event.step = 1;\n } else {\n event.step = -1;\n }\n on_mouse_event_closure('scroll')(event);\n });\n\n canvas_div.appendChild(canvas);\n canvas_div.appendChild(rubberband_canvas);\n\n this.rubberband_context = rubberband_canvas.getContext('2d');\n this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = '#000000';\n\n this._resize_canvas = function (width, height, forward) {\n if (forward) {\n canvas_div.style.width = width + 'px';\n canvas_div.style.height = height + 'px';\n }\n };\n\n // Disable right mouse context menu.\n this.rubberband_canvas.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (_e) {\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n });\n\n function set_focus() {\n canvas.focus();\n canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'mpl-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n var button = (fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button'));\n button.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n button.setAttribute('role', 'button');\n button.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'false');\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n\n var icon_img = document.createElement('img');\n icon_img.src = '_images/' + image + '.png';\n icon_img.srcset = '_images/' + image + '_large.png 2x';\n icon_img.alt = tooltip;\n button.appendChild(icon_img);\n\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n var fmt_picker = document.createElement('select');\n fmt_picker.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n toolbar.appendChild(fmt_picker);\n this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker;\n\n for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n var option = document.createElement('option');\n option.selected = fmt === mpl.default_extension;\n option.innerHTML = fmt;\n fmt_picker.appendChild(option);\n }\n\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function (x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n this.send_message('resize', { width: x_pixels, height: y_pixels });\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function (type, properties) {\n properties['type'] = type;\n properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function () {\n if (!this.waiting) {\n this.waiting = true;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'draw', figure_id: this.id }));\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function (fig, msg) {\n var size = msg['size'];\n if (size[0] !== fig.canvas.width || size[1] !== fig.canvas.height) {\n fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1], msg['forward']);\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function (fig, msg) {\n var x0 = msg['x0'] / fig.ratio;\n var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / fig.ratio;\n var x1 = msg['x1'] / fig.ratio;\n var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / fig.ratio;\n x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n\n fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n 0,\n 0,\n fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio,\n fig.canvas.height / fig.ratio\n );\n\n fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function (fig, msg) {\n // Updates the figure title.\n fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = msg['cursor'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function (fig, _msg) {\n // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n fig.send_draw_message();\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_history_buttons = function (fig, msg) {\n for (var key in msg) {\n if (!(key in fig.buttons)) {\n continue;\n }\n fig.buttons[key].disabled = !msg[key];\n fig.buttons[key].setAttribute('aria-disabled', !msg[key]);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_navigate_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n if (msg['mode'] === 'PAN') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.add('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n } else if (msg['mode'] === 'ZOOM') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.add('active');\n } else {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n};\n\n// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n// Called in the figure constructor.\nmpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n var img = evt.data;\n if (img.type !== 'image/png') {\n /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n * Chrome. But how to set the MIME type? It doesn't seem\n * to be part of the websocket stream */\n img.type = 'image/png';\n }\n\n /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n fig.imageObj.src\n );\n }\n\n fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n img\n );\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n } else if (\n typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n ) {\n fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n }\n\n var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n var msg_type = msg['type'];\n\n // Call the \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n try {\n var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n msg\n );\n return;\n }\n\n if (callback) {\n try {\n // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n callback(fig, msg);\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n e,\n e.stack,\n msg\n );\n }\n }\n };\n};\n\n// from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\nmpl.findpos = function (e) {\n //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n var targ;\n if (!e) {\n e = window.event;\n }\n if (e.target) {\n targ = e.target;\n } else if (e.srcElement) {\n targ = e.srcElement;\n }\n if (targ.nodeType === 3) {\n // defeat Safari bug\n targ = targ.parentNode;\n }\n\n // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n var boundingRect = targ.getBoundingClientRect();\n var x = e.pageX - (boundingRect.left + document.body.scrollLeft);\n var y = e.pageY - (boundingRect.top + document.body.scrollTop);\n\n return { x: x, y: y };\n};\n\n/*\n * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n * we need this to avoid circular references\n * https://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n */\nfunction simpleKeys(original) {\n return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n obj[key] = original[key];\n }\n return obj;\n }, {});\n}\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event);\n\n if (name === 'button_press') {\n this.canvas.focus();\n this.canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n var x = canvas_pos.x * this.ratio;\n var y = canvas_pos.y * this.ratio;\n\n this.send_message(name, {\n x: x,\n y: y,\n button: event.button,\n step: event.step,\n guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n });\n\n /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed. We want\n * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n // Prevent repeat events\n if (name === 'key_press') {\n if (event.key === this._key) {\n return;\n } else {\n this._key = event.key;\n }\n }\n if (name === 'key_release') {\n this._key = null;\n }\n\n var value = '';\n if (event.ctrlKey && event.key !== 'Control') {\n value += 'ctrl+';\n }\n else if (event.altKey && event.key !== 'Alt') {\n value += 'alt+';\n }\n else if (event.shiftKey && event.key !== 'Shift') {\n value += 'shift+';\n }\n\n value += 'k' + event.key;\n\n this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n\n this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n if (name === 'download') {\n this.handle_save(this, null);\n } else {\n this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n};\n\n///////////////// REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY embed_js.py /////////////////\n// prettier-ignore\nvar _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER=function(A){var t,i=new WeakMap,n=new WeakMap,a=new WeakMap,r=new WeakMap,o=new Set;function s(e){if(!(this instanceof s))throw new TypeError(\"Constructor requires 'new' operator\");i.set(this,e)}function h(){throw new TypeError(\"Function is not a constructor\")}function c(e,t,i,n){e=0 in arguments?Number(arguments[0]):0,t=1 in arguments?Number(arguments[1]):0,i=2 in arguments?Number(arguments[2]):0,n=3 in arguments?Number(arguments[3]):0,this.right=(this.x=this.left=e)+(this.width=i),this.bottom=(this.y=this.top=t)+(this.height=n),Object.freeze(this)}function d(){t=requestAnimationFrame(d);var s=new WeakMap,p=new Set;o.forEach((function(t){r.get(t).forEach((function(i){var r=t instanceof window.SVGElement,o=a.get(t),d=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingTop),f=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingRight),l=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingBottom),u=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingLeft),g=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderTopWidth),m=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderRightWidth),w=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderBottomWidth),b=u+f,F=d+l,v=(r?0:parseFloat(o.borderLeftWidth))+m,W=g+w,y=r?0:t.offsetHeight-W-t.clientHeight,E=r?0:t.offsetWidth-v-t.clientWidth,R=b+v,z=F+W,M=r?t.width:parseFloat(o.width)-R-E,O=r?t.height:parseFloat(o.height)-z-y;if(n.has(t)){var k=n.get(t);if(k[0]===M&&k[1]===O)return}n.set(t,[M,O]);var S=Object.create(h.prototype);S.target=t,S.contentRect=new c(u,d,M,O),s.has(i)||(s.set(i,[]),p.add(i)),s.get(i).push(S)}))})),p.forEach((function(e){i.get(e).call(e,s.get(e),e)}))}return s.prototype.observe=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element){r.has(i)||(r.set(i,new Set),o.add(i),a.set(i,window.getComputedStyle(i)));var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)||n.add(this),cancelAnimationFrame(t),t=requestAnimationFrame(d)}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element&&r.has(i)){var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)&&(n.delete(this),n.size||(r.delete(i),o.delete(i))),n.size||r.delete(i),o.size||cancelAnimationFrame(t)}},A.DOMRectReadOnly=c,A.ResizeObserver=s,A.ResizeObserverEntry=h,A}; // eslint-disable-line\nmpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n\nmpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pgf\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n\nmpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n\nvar comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n var ws = {};\n\n ws.binaryType = comm.kernel.ws.binaryType;\n ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n function updateReadyState(_event) {\n if (comm.kernel.ws) {\n ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n } else {\n ws.readyState = 3; // Closed state.\n }\n }\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('open', updateReadyState);\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('close', updateReadyState);\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('error', updateReadyState);\n\n ws.close = function () {\n comm.close();\n };\n ws.send = function (m) {\n //console.log('sending', m);\n comm.send(m);\n };\n // Register the callback with on_msg.\n comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n var data = msg['content']['data'];\n if (data['blob'] !== undefined) {\n data = {\n data: new Blob(msg['buffers'], { type: data['blob'] }),\n };\n }\n // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n ws.onmessage(data);\n });\n return ws;\n};\n\nmpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n\n var id = msg.content.data.id;\n // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n // socket was opened in Python.\n var element = document.getElementById(id);\n var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n\n function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n }\n\n var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n\n // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n ws_proxy.onopen();\n\n fig.parent_element = element;\n fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"
\");\n if (!fig.cell_info) {\n console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n return;\n }\n fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.on(\n 'cleared',\n { fig: fig },\n fig._remove_fig_handler\n );\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n var width = fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio;\n fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.off(\n 'cleared',\n fig._remove_fig_handler\n );\n fig.resizeObserverInstance.unobserve(fig.canvas_div);\n\n // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n fig.push_to_output();\n var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n '';\n fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n // fig.ws.close()\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n var width = this.canvas.width / this.ratio;\n var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n '';\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n var fig = this;\n // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n setTimeout(function () {\n fig.push_to_output();\n }, 1000);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n var button;\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = name;\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n // Add the status bar.\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n\n // Add the close button to the window.\n var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n button = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n });\n button.addEventListener(\n 'mouseover',\n on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n );\n buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function (event) {\n var fig = event.data.fig;\n if (event.target !== this) {\n // Ignore bubbled events from children.\n return;\n }\n fig.close_ws(fig, {});\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n // off when our div gets focus\n\n // location in version 3\n if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n } else {\n // location in version 2\n IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n // Check for shift+enter\n if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n this.canvas_div.blur();\n // select the cell after this one\n var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n};\n\nmpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n var ncells = cells.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n var cell = cells[i];\n if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n if (data.data) {\n // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n data = data.data;\n }\n if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n return [cell, data, j];\n }\n }\n }\n }\n};\n\n// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\nif (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n 'matplotlib',\n mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n );\n}\n" }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" }, { "data": { "text/plain": "", "text/html": "
" }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "**Let's now experiment with classification. Select the variables 'HP', 'Attack' and 'Defense' as predictors, and 'Legendary' as the target variable.**" ], "metadata": { "id": "Zciw48DXgzuX", "pycharm": { "name": "#%% md\n" } } }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "**2) Apply the same methodology as above, but this time use the KNeighborsClassifier of the sklearn library to predict whether a Pokemon is legendary or not. Set the number of neighbors to 5.**" ], "metadata": { "id": "lw9udYmhhX49", "pycharm": { "name": "#%% md\n" } } }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 14, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": "", "application/javascript": "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n/* global mpl */\nwindow.mpl = {};\n\nmpl.get_websocket_type = function () {\n if (typeof WebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return WebSocket;\n } else if (typeof MozWebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return MozWebSocket;\n } else {\n alert(\n 'Your browser does not have WebSocket support. ' +\n 'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n 'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n 'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.'\n );\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure = function (figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n this.id = figure_id;\n\n this.ws = websocket;\n\n this.supports_binary = this.ws.binaryType !== undefined;\n\n if (!this.supports_binary) {\n var warnings = document.getElementById('mpl-warnings');\n if (warnings) {\n warnings.style.display = 'block';\n warnings.textContent =\n 'This browser does not support binary websocket messages. ' +\n 'Performance may be slow.';\n }\n }\n\n this.imageObj = new Image();\n\n this.context = undefined;\n this.message = undefined;\n this.canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n\n this.image_mode = 'full';\n\n this.root = document.createElement('div');\n this.root.setAttribute('style', 'display: inline-block');\n this._root_extra_style(this.root);\n\n parent_element.appendChild(this.root);\n\n this._init_header(this);\n this._init_canvas(this);\n this._init_toolbar(this);\n\n var fig = this;\n\n this.waiting = false;\n\n this.ws.onopen = function () {\n fig.send_message('supports_binary', { value: fig.supports_binary });\n fig.send_message('send_image_mode', {});\n if (fig.ratio !== 1) {\n fig.send_message('set_device_pixel_ratio', {\n device_pixel_ratio: fig.ratio,\n });\n }\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onload = function () {\n if (fig.image_mode === 'full') {\n // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n // there is no ghosting.\n fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n }\n fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onunload = function () {\n fig.ws.close();\n };\n\n this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n\n this.ondownload = ondownload;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function () {\n var titlebar = document.createElement('div');\n titlebar.classList =\n 'ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ui-helper-clearfix';\n var titletext = document.createElement('div');\n titletext.classList = 'ui-dialog-title';\n titletext.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 3px;'\n );\n titlebar.appendChild(titletext);\n this.root.appendChild(titlebar);\n this.header = titletext;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var canvas_div = (this.canvas_div = document.createElement('div'));\n canvas_div.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'border: 1px solid #ddd;' +\n 'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n 'clear: both;' +\n 'min-height: 1px;' +\n 'min-width: 1px;' +\n 'outline: 0;' +\n 'overflow: hidden;' +\n 'position: relative;' +\n 'resize: both;'\n );\n\n function on_keyboard_event_closure(name) {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.key_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keydown',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_press')\n );\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keyup',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_release')\n );\n\n this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div);\n this.root.appendChild(canvas_div);\n\n var canvas = (this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas'));\n canvas.classList.add('mpl-canvas');\n canvas.setAttribute('style', 'box-sizing: content-box;');\n\n this.context = canvas.getContext('2d');\n\n var backingStore =\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n 1;\n\n this.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n\n var rubberband_canvas = (this.rubberband_canvas = document.createElement(\n 'canvas'\n ));\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;'\n );\n\n // Apply a ponyfill if ResizeObserver is not implemented by browser.\n if (this.ResizeObserver === undefined) {\n if (window.ResizeObserver !== undefined) {\n this.ResizeObserver = window.ResizeObserver;\n } else {\n var obs = _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER({});\n this.ResizeObserver = obs.ResizeObserver;\n }\n }\n\n this.resizeObserverInstance = new this.ResizeObserver(function (entries) {\n var nentries = entries.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {\n var entry = entries[i];\n var width, height;\n if (entry.contentBoxSize) {\n if (entry.contentBoxSize instanceof Array) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize[0].inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize[0].blockSize;\n } else {\n // Firefox implements old version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize.inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize.blockSize;\n }\n } else {\n // Chrome <84 implements even older version of spec.\n width = entry.contentRect.width;\n height = entry.contentRect.height;\n }\n\n // Keep the size of the canvas and rubber band canvas in sync with\n // the canvas container.\n if (entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'width',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].inlineSize\n );\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'height',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].blockSize\n );\n } else {\n canvas.setAttribute('width', width * fig.ratio);\n canvas.setAttribute('height', height * fig.ratio);\n }\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'width: ' + width + 'px; height: ' + height + 'px;'\n );\n\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('width', width);\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('height', height);\n\n // And update the size in Python. We ignore the initial 0/0 size\n // that occurs as the element is placed into the DOM, which should\n // otherwise not happen due to the minimum size styling.\n if (fig.ws.readyState == 1 && width != 0 && height != 0) {\n fig.request_resize(width, height);\n }\n }\n });\n this.resizeObserverInstance.observe(canvas_div);\n\n function on_mouse_event_closure(name) {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mousedown',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_press')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseup',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_release')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'dblclick',\n on_mouse_event_closure('dblclick')\n );\n // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mousemove',\n on_mouse_event_closure('motion_notify')\n );\n\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseenter',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_enter')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseleave',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_leave')\n );\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener('wheel', function (event) {\n if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n event.step = 1;\n } else {\n event.step = -1;\n }\n on_mouse_event_closure('scroll')(event);\n });\n\n canvas_div.appendChild(canvas);\n canvas_div.appendChild(rubberband_canvas);\n\n this.rubberband_context = rubberband_canvas.getContext('2d');\n this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = '#000000';\n\n this._resize_canvas = function (width, height, forward) {\n if (forward) {\n canvas_div.style.width = width + 'px';\n canvas_div.style.height = height + 'px';\n }\n };\n\n // Disable right mouse context menu.\n this.rubberband_canvas.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (_e) {\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n });\n\n function set_focus() {\n canvas.focus();\n canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'mpl-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n var button = (fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button'));\n button.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n button.setAttribute('role', 'button');\n button.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'false');\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n\n var icon_img = document.createElement('img');\n icon_img.src = '_images/' + image + '.png';\n icon_img.srcset = '_images/' + image + '_large.png 2x';\n icon_img.alt = tooltip;\n button.appendChild(icon_img);\n\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n var fmt_picker = document.createElement('select');\n fmt_picker.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n toolbar.appendChild(fmt_picker);\n this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker;\n\n for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n var option = document.createElement('option');\n option.selected = fmt === mpl.default_extension;\n option.innerHTML = fmt;\n fmt_picker.appendChild(option);\n }\n\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function (x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n this.send_message('resize', { width: x_pixels, height: y_pixels });\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function (type, properties) {\n properties['type'] = type;\n properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function () {\n if (!this.waiting) {\n this.waiting = true;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'draw', figure_id: this.id }));\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function (fig, msg) {\n var size = msg['size'];\n if (size[0] !== fig.canvas.width || size[1] !== fig.canvas.height) {\n fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1], msg['forward']);\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function (fig, msg) {\n var x0 = msg['x0'] / fig.ratio;\n var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / fig.ratio;\n var x1 = msg['x1'] / fig.ratio;\n var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / fig.ratio;\n x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n\n fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n 0,\n 0,\n fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio,\n fig.canvas.height / fig.ratio\n );\n\n fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function (fig, msg) {\n // Updates the figure title.\n fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = msg['cursor'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function (fig, _msg) {\n // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n fig.send_draw_message();\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_history_buttons = function (fig, msg) {\n for (var key in msg) {\n if (!(key in fig.buttons)) {\n continue;\n }\n fig.buttons[key].disabled = !msg[key];\n fig.buttons[key].setAttribute('aria-disabled', !msg[key]);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_navigate_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n if (msg['mode'] === 'PAN') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.add('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n } else if (msg['mode'] === 'ZOOM') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.add('active');\n } else {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n};\n\n// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n// Called in the figure constructor.\nmpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n var img = evt.data;\n if (img.type !== 'image/png') {\n /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n * Chrome. But how to set the MIME type? It doesn't seem\n * to be part of the websocket stream */\n img.type = 'image/png';\n }\n\n /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n fig.imageObj.src\n );\n }\n\n fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n img\n );\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n } else if (\n typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n ) {\n fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n }\n\n var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n var msg_type = msg['type'];\n\n // Call the \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n try {\n var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n msg\n );\n return;\n }\n\n if (callback) {\n try {\n // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n callback(fig, msg);\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n e,\n e.stack,\n msg\n );\n }\n }\n };\n};\n\n// from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\nmpl.findpos = function (e) {\n //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n var targ;\n if (!e) {\n e = window.event;\n }\n if (e.target) {\n targ = e.target;\n } else if (e.srcElement) {\n targ = e.srcElement;\n }\n if (targ.nodeType === 3) {\n // defeat Safari bug\n targ = targ.parentNode;\n }\n\n // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n var boundingRect = targ.getBoundingClientRect();\n var x = e.pageX - (boundingRect.left + document.body.scrollLeft);\n var y = e.pageY - (boundingRect.top + document.body.scrollTop);\n\n return { x: x, y: y };\n};\n\n/*\n * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n * we need this to avoid circular references\n * https://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n */\nfunction simpleKeys(original) {\n return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n obj[key] = original[key];\n }\n return obj;\n }, {});\n}\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event);\n\n if (name === 'button_press') {\n this.canvas.focus();\n this.canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n var x = canvas_pos.x * this.ratio;\n var y = canvas_pos.y * this.ratio;\n\n this.send_message(name, {\n x: x,\n y: y,\n button: event.button,\n step: event.step,\n guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n });\n\n /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed. We want\n * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n // Prevent repeat events\n if (name === 'key_press') {\n if (event.key === this._key) {\n return;\n } else {\n this._key = event.key;\n }\n }\n if (name === 'key_release') {\n this._key = null;\n }\n\n var value = '';\n if (event.ctrlKey && event.key !== 'Control') {\n value += 'ctrl+';\n }\n else if (event.altKey && event.key !== 'Alt') {\n value += 'alt+';\n }\n else if (event.shiftKey && event.key !== 'Shift') {\n value += 'shift+';\n }\n\n value += 'k' + event.key;\n\n this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n\n this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n if (name === 'download') {\n this.handle_save(this, null);\n } else {\n this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n};\n\n///////////////// REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY embed_js.py /////////////////\n// prettier-ignore\nvar _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER=function(A){var t,i=new WeakMap,n=new WeakMap,a=new WeakMap,r=new WeakMap,o=new Set;function s(e){if(!(this instanceof s))throw new TypeError(\"Constructor requires 'new' operator\");i.set(this,e)}function h(){throw new TypeError(\"Function is not a constructor\")}function c(e,t,i,n){e=0 in arguments?Number(arguments[0]):0,t=1 in arguments?Number(arguments[1]):0,i=2 in arguments?Number(arguments[2]):0,n=3 in arguments?Number(arguments[3]):0,this.right=(this.x=this.left=e)+(this.width=i),this.bottom=(this.y=this.top=t)+(this.height=n),Object.freeze(this)}function d(){t=requestAnimationFrame(d);var s=new WeakMap,p=new Set;o.forEach((function(t){r.get(t).forEach((function(i){var r=t instanceof window.SVGElement,o=a.get(t),d=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingTop),f=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingRight),l=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingBottom),u=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingLeft),g=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderTopWidth),m=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderRightWidth),w=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderBottomWidth),b=u+f,F=d+l,v=(r?0:parseFloat(o.borderLeftWidth))+m,W=g+w,y=r?0:t.offsetHeight-W-t.clientHeight,E=r?0:t.offsetWidth-v-t.clientWidth,R=b+v,z=F+W,M=r?t.width:parseFloat(o.width)-R-E,O=r?t.height:parseFloat(o.height)-z-y;if(n.has(t)){var k=n.get(t);if(k[0]===M&&k[1]===O)return}n.set(t,[M,O]);var S=Object.create(h.prototype);S.target=t,S.contentRect=new c(u,d,M,O),s.has(i)||(s.set(i,[]),p.add(i)),s.get(i).push(S)}))})),p.forEach((function(e){i.get(e).call(e,s.get(e),e)}))}return s.prototype.observe=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element){r.has(i)||(r.set(i,new Set),o.add(i),a.set(i,window.getComputedStyle(i)));var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)||n.add(this),cancelAnimationFrame(t),t=requestAnimationFrame(d)}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element&&r.has(i)){var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)&&(n.delete(this),n.size||(r.delete(i),o.delete(i))),n.size||r.delete(i),o.size||cancelAnimationFrame(t)}},A.DOMRectReadOnly=c,A.ResizeObserver=s,A.ResizeObserverEntry=h,A}; // eslint-disable-line\nmpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n\nmpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pgf\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n\nmpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n\nvar comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n var ws = {};\n\n ws.binaryType = comm.kernel.ws.binaryType;\n ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n function updateReadyState(_event) {\n if (comm.kernel.ws) {\n ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n } else {\n ws.readyState = 3; // Closed state.\n }\n }\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('open', updateReadyState);\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('close', updateReadyState);\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('error', updateReadyState);\n\n ws.close = function () {\n comm.close();\n };\n ws.send = function (m) {\n //console.log('sending', m);\n comm.send(m);\n };\n // Register the callback with on_msg.\n comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n var data = msg['content']['data'];\n if (data['blob'] !== undefined) {\n data = {\n data: new Blob(msg['buffers'], { type: data['blob'] }),\n };\n }\n // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n ws.onmessage(data);\n });\n return ws;\n};\n\nmpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n\n var id = msg.content.data.id;\n // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n // socket was opened in Python.\n var element = document.getElementById(id);\n var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n\n function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n }\n\n var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n\n // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n ws_proxy.onopen();\n\n fig.parent_element = element;\n fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"
\");\n if (!fig.cell_info) {\n console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n return;\n }\n fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.on(\n 'cleared',\n { fig: fig },\n fig._remove_fig_handler\n );\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n var width = fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio;\n fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.off(\n 'cleared',\n fig._remove_fig_handler\n );\n fig.resizeObserverInstance.unobserve(fig.canvas_div);\n\n // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n fig.push_to_output();\n var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n '';\n fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n // fig.ws.close()\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n var width = this.canvas.width / this.ratio;\n var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n '';\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n var fig = this;\n // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n setTimeout(function () {\n fig.push_to_output();\n }, 1000);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n var button;\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = name;\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n // Add the status bar.\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n\n // Add the close button to the window.\n var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n button = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n });\n button.addEventListener(\n 'mouseover',\n on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n );\n buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function (event) {\n var fig = event.data.fig;\n if (event.target !== this) {\n // Ignore bubbled events from children.\n return;\n }\n fig.close_ws(fig, {});\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n // off when our div gets focus\n\n // location in version 3\n if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n } else {\n // location in version 2\n IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n // Check for shift+enter\n if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n this.canvas_div.blur();\n // select the cell after this one\n var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n};\n\nmpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n var ncells = cells.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n var cell = cells[i];\n if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n if (data.data) {\n // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n data = data.data;\n }\n if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n return [cell, data, j];\n }\n }\n }\n }\n};\n\n// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\nif (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n 'matplotlib',\n mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n );\n}\n" }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" }, { "data": { "text/plain": "", "text/html": "
" }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" }, { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "((640, 3), (640,)) ((160, 3), (160,))\n" ] } ], "source": [ "from matplotlib import cm\n", "\n", "##Select a target variable y and a predictor x. Reshape the data x to [num_samples, 1]##\n", "\n", "x1 = df['Attack'].values\n", "x2 = df['Defense'].values\n", "x3 = df['HP'].values\n", "X = df[['Attack','Defense','HP']].values\n", "y = df['Legendary'].values\n", "\n", "fig = plt.figure()\n", "ax = plt.axes(projection ='3d')\n", "ax.scatter(x1,x2,x3)\n", "ax.set_xlabel('Attack')\n", "ax.set_ylabel('Defense')\n", "ax.set_zlabel('HP')\n", "img = ax.scatter(x1, x2, x3, c=y, cmap='YlOrRd', alpha=1)\n", "\n", "plt.show()\n", "\n", "##Define a training set and a validation set##\n", "\n", "X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, train_size=0.8, test_size=0.2, shuffle=True)\n", "print((X_train.shape, y_train.shape), (X_test.shape, y_test.shape))" ], "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } } }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 15, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "R2 on training set : 0.921875\n", "R2 on test set : 0.90625\n" ] } ], "source": [ "##Define the linear regression model, and reshape the data x to [num_samples, 1]##\n", "\n", "model = KNeighborsClassifier()\n", "\n", "##Fit the model to the training data##\n", "\n", "model.fit(X_train,y_train)\n", "\n", "##Make predictions for both the training and the test sets##\n", "\n", "y_pred_train = model.predict(X_train)\n", "y_pred_test = model.predict(X_test)\n", "\n", "##Compute th coefficient of determination and the mean square error on both sets##\n", "\n", "\n", "R2_train = model.score(X_train, y_train)\n", "R2_test = model.score(X_test, y_test)\n", "\n", "print('R2 on training set : {}'.format(R2_train))\n", "print('R2 on test set : {}'.format(R2_test))" ], "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } } }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 16, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": "", "application/javascript": "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n/* global mpl */\nwindow.mpl = {};\n\nmpl.get_websocket_type = function () {\n if (typeof WebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return WebSocket;\n } else if (typeof MozWebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return MozWebSocket;\n } else {\n alert(\n 'Your browser does not have WebSocket support. ' +\n 'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n 'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n 'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.'\n );\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure = function (figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n this.id = figure_id;\n\n this.ws = websocket;\n\n this.supports_binary = this.ws.binaryType !== undefined;\n\n if (!this.supports_binary) {\n var warnings = document.getElementById('mpl-warnings');\n if (warnings) {\n warnings.style.display = 'block';\n warnings.textContent =\n 'This browser does not support binary websocket messages. ' +\n 'Performance may be slow.';\n }\n }\n\n this.imageObj = new Image();\n\n this.context = undefined;\n this.message = undefined;\n this.canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n\n this.image_mode = 'full';\n\n this.root = document.createElement('div');\n this.root.setAttribute('style', 'display: inline-block');\n this._root_extra_style(this.root);\n\n parent_element.appendChild(this.root);\n\n this._init_header(this);\n this._init_canvas(this);\n this._init_toolbar(this);\n\n var fig = this;\n\n this.waiting = false;\n\n this.ws.onopen = function () {\n fig.send_message('supports_binary', { value: fig.supports_binary });\n fig.send_message('send_image_mode', {});\n if (fig.ratio !== 1) {\n fig.send_message('set_device_pixel_ratio', {\n device_pixel_ratio: fig.ratio,\n });\n }\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onload = function () {\n if (fig.image_mode === 'full') {\n // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n // there is no ghosting.\n fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n }\n fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onunload = function () {\n fig.ws.close();\n };\n\n this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n\n this.ondownload = ondownload;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function () {\n var titlebar = document.createElement('div');\n titlebar.classList =\n 'ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ui-helper-clearfix';\n var titletext = document.createElement('div');\n titletext.classList = 'ui-dialog-title';\n titletext.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 3px;'\n );\n titlebar.appendChild(titletext);\n this.root.appendChild(titlebar);\n this.header = titletext;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var canvas_div = (this.canvas_div = document.createElement('div'));\n canvas_div.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'border: 1px solid #ddd;' +\n 'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n 'clear: both;' +\n 'min-height: 1px;' +\n 'min-width: 1px;' +\n 'outline: 0;' +\n 'overflow: hidden;' +\n 'position: relative;' +\n 'resize: both;'\n );\n\n function on_keyboard_event_closure(name) {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.key_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keydown',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_press')\n );\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keyup',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_release')\n );\n\n this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div);\n this.root.appendChild(canvas_div);\n\n var canvas = (this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas'));\n canvas.classList.add('mpl-canvas');\n canvas.setAttribute('style', 'box-sizing: content-box;');\n\n this.context = canvas.getContext('2d');\n\n var backingStore =\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n 1;\n\n this.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n\n var rubberband_canvas = (this.rubberband_canvas = document.createElement(\n 'canvas'\n ));\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;'\n );\n\n // Apply a ponyfill if ResizeObserver is not implemented by browser.\n if (this.ResizeObserver === undefined) {\n if (window.ResizeObserver !== undefined) {\n this.ResizeObserver = window.ResizeObserver;\n } else {\n var obs = _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER({});\n this.ResizeObserver = obs.ResizeObserver;\n }\n }\n\n this.resizeObserverInstance = new this.ResizeObserver(function (entries) {\n var nentries = entries.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {\n var entry = entries[i];\n var width, height;\n if (entry.contentBoxSize) {\n if (entry.contentBoxSize instanceof Array) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize[0].inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize[0].blockSize;\n } else {\n // Firefox implements old version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize.inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize.blockSize;\n }\n } else {\n // Chrome <84 implements even older version of spec.\n width = entry.contentRect.width;\n height = entry.contentRect.height;\n }\n\n // Keep the size of the canvas and rubber band canvas in sync with\n // the canvas container.\n if (entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'width',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].inlineSize\n );\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'height',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].blockSize\n );\n } else {\n canvas.setAttribute('width', width * fig.ratio);\n canvas.setAttribute('height', height * fig.ratio);\n }\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'width: ' + width + 'px; height: ' + height + 'px;'\n );\n\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('width', width);\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('height', height);\n\n // And update the size in Python. We ignore the initial 0/0 size\n // that occurs as the element is placed into the DOM, which should\n // otherwise not happen due to the minimum size styling.\n if (fig.ws.readyState == 1 && width != 0 && height != 0) {\n fig.request_resize(width, height);\n }\n }\n });\n this.resizeObserverInstance.observe(canvas_div);\n\n function on_mouse_event_closure(name) {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mousedown',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_press')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseup',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_release')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'dblclick',\n on_mouse_event_closure('dblclick')\n );\n // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mousemove',\n on_mouse_event_closure('motion_notify')\n );\n\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseenter',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_enter')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseleave',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_leave')\n );\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener('wheel', function (event) {\n if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n event.step = 1;\n } else {\n event.step = -1;\n }\n on_mouse_event_closure('scroll')(event);\n });\n\n canvas_div.appendChild(canvas);\n canvas_div.appendChild(rubberband_canvas);\n\n this.rubberband_context = rubberband_canvas.getContext('2d');\n this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = '#000000';\n\n this._resize_canvas = function (width, height, forward) {\n if (forward) {\n canvas_div.style.width = width + 'px';\n canvas_div.style.height = height + 'px';\n }\n };\n\n // Disable right mouse context menu.\n this.rubberband_canvas.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (_e) {\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n });\n\n function set_focus() {\n canvas.focus();\n canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'mpl-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n var button = (fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button'));\n button.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n button.setAttribute('role', 'button');\n button.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'false');\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n\n var icon_img = document.createElement('img');\n icon_img.src = '_images/' + image + '.png';\n icon_img.srcset = '_images/' + image + '_large.png 2x';\n icon_img.alt = tooltip;\n button.appendChild(icon_img);\n\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n var fmt_picker = document.createElement('select');\n fmt_picker.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n toolbar.appendChild(fmt_picker);\n this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker;\n\n for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n var option = document.createElement('option');\n option.selected = fmt === mpl.default_extension;\n option.innerHTML = fmt;\n fmt_picker.appendChild(option);\n }\n\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function (x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n this.send_message('resize', { width: x_pixels, height: y_pixels });\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function (type, properties) {\n properties['type'] = type;\n properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function () {\n if (!this.waiting) {\n this.waiting = true;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'draw', figure_id: this.id }));\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function (fig, msg) {\n var size = msg['size'];\n if (size[0] !== fig.canvas.width || size[1] !== fig.canvas.height) {\n fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1], msg['forward']);\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function (fig, msg) {\n var x0 = msg['x0'] / fig.ratio;\n var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / fig.ratio;\n var x1 = msg['x1'] / fig.ratio;\n var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / fig.ratio;\n x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n\n fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n 0,\n 0,\n fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio,\n fig.canvas.height / fig.ratio\n );\n\n fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function (fig, msg) {\n // Updates the figure title.\n fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = msg['cursor'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function (fig, _msg) {\n // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n fig.send_draw_message();\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_history_buttons = function (fig, msg) {\n for (var key in msg) {\n if (!(key in fig.buttons)) {\n continue;\n }\n fig.buttons[key].disabled = !msg[key];\n fig.buttons[key].setAttribute('aria-disabled', !msg[key]);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_navigate_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n if (msg['mode'] === 'PAN') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.add('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n } else if (msg['mode'] === 'ZOOM') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.add('active');\n } else {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n};\n\n// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n// Called in the figure constructor.\nmpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n var img = evt.data;\n if (img.type !== 'image/png') {\n /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n * Chrome. But how to set the MIME type? It doesn't seem\n * to be part of the websocket stream */\n img.type = 'image/png';\n }\n\n /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n fig.imageObj.src\n );\n }\n\n fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n img\n );\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n } else if (\n typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n ) {\n fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n }\n\n var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n var msg_type = msg['type'];\n\n // Call the \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n try {\n var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n msg\n );\n return;\n }\n\n if (callback) {\n try {\n // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n callback(fig, msg);\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n e,\n e.stack,\n msg\n );\n }\n }\n };\n};\n\n// from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\nmpl.findpos = function (e) {\n //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n var targ;\n if (!e) {\n e = window.event;\n }\n if (e.target) {\n targ = e.target;\n } else if (e.srcElement) {\n targ = e.srcElement;\n }\n if (targ.nodeType === 3) {\n // defeat Safari bug\n targ = targ.parentNode;\n }\n\n // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n var boundingRect = targ.getBoundingClientRect();\n var x = e.pageX - (boundingRect.left + document.body.scrollLeft);\n var y = e.pageY - (boundingRect.top + document.body.scrollTop);\n\n return { x: x, y: y };\n};\n\n/*\n * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n * we need this to avoid circular references\n * https://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n */\nfunction simpleKeys(original) {\n return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n obj[key] = original[key];\n }\n return obj;\n }, {});\n}\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event);\n\n if (name === 'button_press') {\n this.canvas.focus();\n this.canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n var x = canvas_pos.x * this.ratio;\n var y = canvas_pos.y * this.ratio;\n\n this.send_message(name, {\n x: x,\n y: y,\n button: event.button,\n step: event.step,\n guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n });\n\n /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed. We want\n * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n // Prevent repeat events\n if (name === 'key_press') {\n if (event.key === this._key) {\n return;\n } else {\n this._key = event.key;\n }\n }\n if (name === 'key_release') {\n this._key = null;\n }\n\n var value = '';\n if (event.ctrlKey && event.key !== 'Control') {\n value += 'ctrl+';\n }\n else if (event.altKey && event.key !== 'Alt') {\n value += 'alt+';\n }\n else if (event.shiftKey && event.key !== 'Shift') {\n value += 'shift+';\n }\n\n value += 'k' + event.key;\n\n this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n\n this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n if (name === 'download') {\n this.handle_save(this, null);\n } else {\n this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n};\n\n///////////////// REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY embed_js.py /////////////////\n// prettier-ignore\nvar _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER=function(A){var t,i=new WeakMap,n=new WeakMap,a=new WeakMap,r=new WeakMap,o=new Set;function s(e){if(!(this instanceof s))throw new TypeError(\"Constructor requires 'new' operator\");i.set(this,e)}function h(){throw new TypeError(\"Function is not a constructor\")}function c(e,t,i,n){e=0 in arguments?Number(arguments[0]):0,t=1 in arguments?Number(arguments[1]):0,i=2 in arguments?Number(arguments[2]):0,n=3 in arguments?Number(arguments[3]):0,this.right=(this.x=this.left=e)+(this.width=i),this.bottom=(this.y=this.top=t)+(this.height=n),Object.freeze(this)}function d(){t=requestAnimationFrame(d);var s=new WeakMap,p=new Set;o.forEach((function(t){r.get(t).forEach((function(i){var r=t instanceof window.SVGElement,o=a.get(t),d=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingTop),f=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingRight),l=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingBottom),u=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingLeft),g=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderTopWidth),m=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderRightWidth),w=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderBottomWidth),b=u+f,F=d+l,v=(r?0:parseFloat(o.borderLeftWidth))+m,W=g+w,y=r?0:t.offsetHeight-W-t.clientHeight,E=r?0:t.offsetWidth-v-t.clientWidth,R=b+v,z=F+W,M=r?t.width:parseFloat(o.width)-R-E,O=r?t.height:parseFloat(o.height)-z-y;if(n.has(t)){var k=n.get(t);if(k[0]===M&&k[1]===O)return}n.set(t,[M,O]);var S=Object.create(h.prototype);S.target=t,S.contentRect=new c(u,d,M,O),s.has(i)||(s.set(i,[]),p.add(i)),s.get(i).push(S)}))})),p.forEach((function(e){i.get(e).call(e,s.get(e),e)}))}return s.prototype.observe=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element){r.has(i)||(r.set(i,new Set),o.add(i),a.set(i,window.getComputedStyle(i)));var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)||n.add(this),cancelAnimationFrame(t),t=requestAnimationFrame(d)}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element&&r.has(i)){var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)&&(n.delete(this),n.size||(r.delete(i),o.delete(i))),n.size||r.delete(i),o.size||cancelAnimationFrame(t)}},A.DOMRectReadOnly=c,A.ResizeObserver=s,A.ResizeObserverEntry=h,A}; // eslint-disable-line\nmpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n\nmpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pgf\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n\nmpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n\nvar comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n var ws = {};\n\n ws.binaryType = comm.kernel.ws.binaryType;\n ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n function updateReadyState(_event) {\n if (comm.kernel.ws) {\n ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n } else {\n ws.readyState = 3; // Closed state.\n }\n }\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('open', updateReadyState);\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('close', updateReadyState);\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('error', updateReadyState);\n\n ws.close = function () {\n comm.close();\n };\n ws.send = function (m) {\n //console.log('sending', m);\n comm.send(m);\n };\n // Register the callback with on_msg.\n comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n var data = msg['content']['data'];\n if (data['blob'] !== undefined) {\n data = {\n data: new Blob(msg['buffers'], { type: data['blob'] }),\n };\n }\n // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n ws.onmessage(data);\n });\n return ws;\n};\n\nmpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n\n var id = msg.content.data.id;\n // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n // socket was opened in Python.\n var element = document.getElementById(id);\n var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n\n function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n }\n\n var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n\n // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n ws_proxy.onopen();\n\n fig.parent_element = element;\n fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"
\");\n if (!fig.cell_info) {\n console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n return;\n }\n fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.on(\n 'cleared',\n { fig: fig },\n fig._remove_fig_handler\n );\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n var width = fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio;\n fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.off(\n 'cleared',\n fig._remove_fig_handler\n );\n fig.resizeObserverInstance.unobserve(fig.canvas_div);\n\n // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n fig.push_to_output();\n var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n '';\n fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n // fig.ws.close()\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n var width = this.canvas.width / this.ratio;\n var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n '';\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n var fig = this;\n // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n setTimeout(function () {\n fig.push_to_output();\n }, 1000);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n var button;\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = name;\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n // Add the status bar.\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n\n // Add the close button to the window.\n var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n button = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n });\n button.addEventListener(\n 'mouseover',\n on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n );\n buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function (event) {\n var fig = event.data.fig;\n if (event.target !== this) {\n // Ignore bubbled events from children.\n return;\n }\n fig.close_ws(fig, {});\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n // off when our div gets focus\n\n // location in version 3\n if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n } else {\n // location in version 2\n IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n // Check for shift+enter\n if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n this.canvas_div.blur();\n // select the cell after this one\n var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n};\n\nmpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n var ncells = cells.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n var cell = cells[i];\n if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n if (data.data) {\n // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n data = data.data;\n }\n if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n return [cell, data, j];\n }\n }\n }\n }\n};\n\n// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\nif (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n 'matplotlib',\n mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n );\n}\n" }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" }, { "data": { "text/plain": "", "text/html": "
" }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" }, { "name": "stderr", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "No artists with labels found to put in legend. Note that artists whose label start with an underscore are ignored when legend() is called with no argument.\n" ] } ], "source": [ "##Generate predictions out of the fitted model##\n", "#xf = (np.random.standard_normal(200)+2)/4*200\n", "#yf = (np.random.standard_normal(200)+2)/4*200\n", "#zf = (np.random.standard_normal(200)+2)/4*200\n", "xfit = []\n", "xf = []\n", "yf = []\n", "zf = []\n", "for x in range(0, 200,20):\n", " for y in range(0, 200,20):\n", " for z in range(0, 200,20):\n", " xfit.append([x,y,z])\n", " xf.append(x)\n", " yf.append(y)\n", " zf.append(z)\n", "#xfit = np.column_stack((xf,yf,zf))\n", "\n", "yfit = model.predict(xfit)\n", "\n", "##Plot the regression line##\n", "\n", "fig = plt.figure()\n", "ax = plt.axes(projection ='3d')\n", "#ax.scatter(x1,x2,x3)\n", "ax.set_xlabel('Attack')\n", "ax.set_ylabel('Defense')\n", "ax.set_zlabel('HP')\n", "img = ax.scatter(xf,yf ,zf , c=yfit, cmap='YlOrRd', alpha=0.7)\n", "ax.legend()\n", "plt.show()" ], "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } } }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "**3) Create functions that, given arrays of true class labels and predicted lables, compute :**\n", "\n", "* **a) The accuracy**\n", "* **b) The recall score**\n", "* **c) The precision score**\n", "* **d) The confusion matrix**\n", "* **e) The F1-score**\n", "\n", "**Compare the result of your implementation of these metrics on predictions for the training and test sets to the methods of the sklearn library.**\n", "\n" ], "metadata": { "id": "WbwwdoxDjFeQ", "pycharm": { "name": "#%% md\n" } } }, { "cell_type": "code", "source": [], "metadata": { "id": "oyaDNpPInZ-V", "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } }, "execution_count": 16, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "source": [], "metadata": { "id": "g8Uj7kRondQ7", "pycharm": { "name": "#%%\n" } }, "execution_count": 16, "outputs": [] } ] }